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Olhares cruzados sobre a consciência social feminina através de algumas obras de Ana Paula Tavares, Florbela Espanca, Paulina Chiziane e Teolinda Gersão
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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação visa empreender uma abordagem comparatista que procurará
relacionar entre si as obras poéticas, Ritos de Passagem de Tavares e Charneca em Flor de
Florbela, por um lado, e por outro, na qualidade de ficção narrativa, Balada de Amor ao
Vento de Chiziane e O Silêncio de Gersão, nas quais a imagem da mulher constitui o eixo
central. Este corpus literário impõe uma ideologia clara e desafiadora, evidenciando tanto
uma identidade como a própria memória social e histórica do século XX, de forma a
denunciar o jugo masculino a que o sexo feminino fora sujeito ao longo dos tempos, o que
nos permite dilucidar que são estas vozes femininas emergentes na literatura que se tornarão
capazes de caracterizar as sociedades atuais (a portuguesa, a angola e a moçambicana) assim
como se poderão tornar num importante veículo transformador das mesmas.
O embasamento teórico inclui, no primeiro e segundo capítulos, conceitos essenciais
que permitirão refletir tanto sobre a natureza complexa do conceito de literatura como a
questão da literariedade, devendo o texto literário ser entendido como a forma privilegiada
por ser capaz de munir os jovens de instrumentos de análise, de capacidade de interpretação
e de compreensão, de desenvolvimento de atitude crítica, entre outras competências que
criam e definem a dimensão pessoal e interior de cada leitor. Tendo, ainda, em conta que a
literatura comparada se tornou um campo de estudo bastante eficaz no desafio que coloca à
diluição de fronteiras literárias, pretenderemos destacar de igual modo a importância da
diversificação literária e cultural, na formação dos jovens que frequentam o 3.º ciclo do
ensino básico e secundário, em Portugal, e, neste sentido, apresentaremos os ideais
associados à metodologia comparatista, por nós considerada o meio privilegiado no
estabelecimento de ‘pontes’ entre textos e outras formas de expressão artísticas, que para
além de suscitar uma maior reflexão e investigação por parte do leitor, leva-o,
consequentemente, a um maior entendimento tanto individual como coletivo.
É pela crescente evolução e importância que a figura feminina assume na literatura
em geral, figurando-se nesta dissertação, que, no terceiro e quarto capítulos, através de uma
leitura pessoal e interpretativa, procuraremos atribuir um lugar de destaque à mulher que
assume um tom de revolta contra a sociedade em que se insere, marcadamente falocrática e hostilizada pelo domínio masculino, para poder expressar as suas sensações e emoções a
partir de um ponto de vista e de um sujeito de enunciação próprios, que constituirão, no
nosso entender, o olhar da diferença. Esta construção de identidades, que o texto literário
possibilita, permitirá trazer para dentro da sala de aula uma linguagem com novas
tonalidades, reveladoras de outras mundividências ao mesmo tempo que possibilita
estabelecer um ‘olhar cruzado’ com outras formas de expressão artísticas, levando ainda os
leitores a tomarem consciência das diversas formas de expressão existentes e, sobretudo, a
identificar a própria literatura como uma forma privilegiada e eficiente no entendimento do
mundo envolvente.
Por fim, apresentaremos algumas conclusões que reforçarão a ideia de que a
literatura, não obstante o seu carácter ficcional, possui uma forte referencialidade na forma
como se apropria do quotidiano e da realidade, possibilitando a revisitação da memória, da
história e da cultura da humanidade, convidando os jovens leitores a participar na
descodificação dos sentidos do texto e educando-os para uma cidadania plena que implique
direitos, deveres e ações, sempre baseados no conhecimento.
This dissertation aims to undertake a comparative approach that will seek to relate the poetic works, Ritos de Passagem by Tavares and Charneca em Flor de Florbela, on the one hand, and, on the other, as a narrative fiction, Balada de Amor ao Vento by Chiziane and O Silêncio de Gersão, in which the image of women constitutes the central axis. This literary corpus imposes a clear and challenging ideology, evidencing both an identity and the social and historical memory of the 20th century, in order to denounce the male yoke to which the female sex had been subjected over time, which allows us to elucidate that it is these female voices emerging in literature that will become capable of characterizing current societies (Portuguese, Angolan and Mozambican) as well as becoming an important vehicle for transforming them. The theoretical basis includes, in the first and second chapters, essential concepts that will allow reflection on both the complex nature of the concept of literature and the issue of literariness, with the literary text being understood as the privileged form for being able to equip young people with instruments of analysis, capacity for interpretation and understanding, development of a critical attitude, among other skills that create and define the personal and inner dimension of each reader. Bearing also in mind that comparative literature has become a very effective field of study in the challenge it poses to the dilution of literary frontiers, we intend to likewise highlight the importance of literary and cultural diversification, in the training of our young students in Portugal, and, in this sense, we will present the ideals associated with the comparative methodology, which we consider the privileged means of establishing 'bridges' between texts and other forms of artistic expression, which, in addition to raising greater reflection and investigation on the part of the reader, consequently, leads him to a greater understanding, both individually and collectively. It is due to the growing evolution and importance that the female figure assumes in literature in general, appearing in this dissertation, that, in the third and fourth chapters, through a personal and interpretative reading, we will try to assign a prominent place to the woman who assumes a of revolt against the society in which he is inserted, markedly phallocratic and hostile by male dominance, in order to be able to express his sensations and emotions from a point of view and a subject of enunciation of his own, which will constitute, in our understanding, the look of the difference. This construction of identities, which the literary text makes possible, will allow bringing into the classroom a language with new tones, revealing other worldviews at the same time that it makes it possible to establish a 'crossed look' with other forms of artistic expression, even leading the readers to become aware of the different existing forms of expression and, above all, to identify literature itself as a privileged and efficient way of understanding the surrounding world. Finally, we will present some conclusions that will reinforce the idea that literature, despite its fictional character, has a strong referentiality in the way it appropriates everyday life and reality, enabling the revisitation of memory, history and culture of humanity, inviting young readers to participate in decoding the meanings of the text and educating them towards full citizenship that implies rights, duties and actions, always based on knowledge.
This dissertation aims to undertake a comparative approach that will seek to relate the poetic works, Ritos de Passagem by Tavares and Charneca em Flor de Florbela, on the one hand, and, on the other, as a narrative fiction, Balada de Amor ao Vento by Chiziane and O Silêncio de Gersão, in which the image of women constitutes the central axis. This literary corpus imposes a clear and challenging ideology, evidencing both an identity and the social and historical memory of the 20th century, in order to denounce the male yoke to which the female sex had been subjected over time, which allows us to elucidate that it is these female voices emerging in literature that will become capable of characterizing current societies (Portuguese, Angolan and Mozambican) as well as becoming an important vehicle for transforming them. The theoretical basis includes, in the first and second chapters, essential concepts that will allow reflection on both the complex nature of the concept of literature and the issue of literariness, with the literary text being understood as the privileged form for being able to equip young people with instruments of analysis, capacity for interpretation and understanding, development of a critical attitude, among other skills that create and define the personal and inner dimension of each reader. Bearing also in mind that comparative literature has become a very effective field of study in the challenge it poses to the dilution of literary frontiers, we intend to likewise highlight the importance of literary and cultural diversification, in the training of our young students in Portugal, and, in this sense, we will present the ideals associated with the comparative methodology, which we consider the privileged means of establishing 'bridges' between texts and other forms of artistic expression, which, in addition to raising greater reflection and investigation on the part of the reader, consequently, leads him to a greater understanding, both individually and collectively. It is due to the growing evolution and importance that the female figure assumes in literature in general, appearing in this dissertation, that, in the third and fourth chapters, through a personal and interpretative reading, we will try to assign a prominent place to the woman who assumes a of revolt against the society in which he is inserted, markedly phallocratic and hostile by male dominance, in order to be able to express his sensations and emotions from a point of view and a subject of enunciation of his own, which will constitute, in our understanding, the look of the difference. This construction of identities, which the literary text makes possible, will allow bringing into the classroom a language with new tones, revealing other worldviews at the same time that it makes it possible to establish a 'crossed look' with other forms of artistic expression, even leading the readers to become aware of the different existing forms of expression and, above all, to identify literature itself as a privileged and efficient way of understanding the surrounding world. Finally, we will present some conclusions that will reinforce the idea that literature, despite its fictional character, has a strong referentiality in the way it appropriates everyday life and reality, enabling the revisitation of memory, history and culture of humanity, inviting young readers to participate in decoding the meanings of the text and educating them towards full citizenship that implies rights, duties and actions, always based on knowledge.
Description
Keywords
Ana Paula Tavares, 1952- Florbela Espanca, 1894-1930 Paulina Chiziane, 1955- Teolinda Gersão, 1940- Literatura Literariedade Cânone literário Memória Cultura Sociabilização Figura feminina Amor Poesia Ficção Literature Literariness Literary canon Memory Culture Socialization Female figure Love Poetry Fiction