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Extremismos e intolerância: uma lição não aprendida
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Com a preocupação de não se poder tratar os fenômenos totalitários, tais como os fascismos e o estalinismo, como movimentos mortos ou como acontecimentos históricos aprisionados no passado, pode-se constatar que eles ressurgem como uma possibilidade da moderna sociedade de massas, enquanto modelo de reação ao momento político e social mundial da atualidade. O que se pretende destacar é a capacidade de atração dessas ideias extremistas lideradas por um chefe e um discurso carismático, a sua capacidade de oferecer segurança e refúgio, propondo um futuro virtuoso, superando o estranhamento, o mal-estar do homem comum ante uma sociedade que condena o indivíduo ao sucesso ou ao fracasso, e o motivo pelo qual as massas se deixam deslumbrar politicamente e se tornam receptivas ao embotamento. Sob essa ótica, o presente estudo se apresenta como uma tentativa de analisar as condições encontradas na civilização do século xx que propiciaram esses movimentos, como um mecanismo de defesa diante da crise e do desconforto, e a possibilidade de seu ressurgimento através dos neofascismos, no fundamentalismo islâmico e nos atuais sentimentos racistas anti-imigrantes.
With the concern that totalitarian phenomena, such as fascism and Stalinism, should not be treated as dead movements or as historical events confined to the past, it can be observed that they resurface as a possibility within the modern mass society, as a reac-tion model to the current global political and social context.What is intended to be highlighted is the appeal of these extremist ideas led by a leader and a charismatic discourse, their ability to offer security and refuge, proposing a virtuous future, overcoming alienation and the dis-comfort of the ordinary man facing a society that condemns individuals to either success or failure—and the reasons why the masses become politically fascinated and receptive to numbing ideologies. From this perspective, the present study attempts to analyze the conditions found in 20th-century civilization that enabled these movements, as a defense mechanism against crisis and discomfort, and the possibility of their resurgence through neo-fascism, Islamicfundamentalism, and current racist and anti-immigrant sentiments.
With the concern that totalitarian phenomena, such as fascism and Stalinism, should not be treated as dead movements or as historical events confined to the past, it can be observed that they resurface as a possibility within the modern mass society, as a reac-tion model to the current global political and social context.What is intended to be highlighted is the appeal of these extremist ideas led by a leader and a charismatic discourse, their ability to offer security and refuge, proposing a virtuous future, overcoming alienation and the dis-comfort of the ordinary man facing a society that condemns individuals to either success or failure—and the reasons why the masses become politically fascinated and receptive to numbing ideologies. From this perspective, the present study attempts to analyze the conditions found in 20th-century civilization that enabled these movements, as a defense mechanism against crisis and discomfort, and the possibility of their resurgence through neo-fascism, Islamicfundamentalism, and current racist and anti-immigrant sentiments.
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Totalitarismo Psicologia das massas Culto do Chefe Intolerância Totalitarianism Mass psychology Cult of the Leader Intolerance
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Centro de Estudos Globais da Universidade Aberta (CEG/UAb) | Instituto Europeu de Ciências da Cultura Padre Manuel Antunes (IECCPMA) | Associação Internacional de Estudos Ibero-Eslavos (CompaRes)