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Informação geográfica, sustentabilidade e Amazônia: geointeligência aplicada à avaliação de manejos florestais sustentáveis no Sul do Amazonas
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Em razão das próprias características da região Amazônica, realizar vistorias in
loco com regularidade e frequência em todas as áreas licenciadas de manejo
florestal (denominadas Plano de Manejo Florestal Sustentável - PMFS), revela-se
tarefa praticamente impossível, notadamente pelos custos, tempo e recursos
exigidos. Nesses termos, a presente investigação objetivou: (i) analisar se e como
a utilização das modernas tecnologias de geointeligência e análise dos dados
constantes do sistema de controle da comercialização de produtos florestais
(SisDOF) e de outras fontes oficiais, podem nos permitir conhecer a real situação
da exploração florestal em áreas autorizadas pelo poder público; e (ii) verificar se
PMFS localizados na Mesorregião Sul do Amazonas estão a ser executados em
consonância com as respectivas normas ambientais. Para cada tipo de dado
(espacial ou não-espacial), buscou-se utilizar métodos adequados de análise, o que
resultou no estabelecimento de 22 critérios de avaliação, aplicados, inicialmente, a
um PMFS “padrão” e posteriormente replicados para um total de 83 PMFS situados
na Mesorregião Sul do Amazonas. Os resultados obtidos são valiosos e
animadores. A análise conjunta dos dados e informações espaciais (imagens
satelitais, dados vetoriais dos polígonos autorizados, rios, áreas protegidas etc.) e
não-espaciais (SisDOF e outras fontes oficiais) permitiram uma melhor
compreensão e avaliação do contexto de cada PMFS, sobretudo quanto à indícios
de existência de transação comercial e/ou transporte simulados no SisDOF apenas
para legalizar produtos florestais extraídos ilegalmente de outras áreas. Verificouse, ainda, que o modelo matemático proposto pela Lei de Benford já há muito
utilizado para a detecção de fraudes econômicas e financeiras, pode se revelar útil,
também, à detecção de possíveis fraudes em inventários florestais.
Due to the characteristics of the Amazon region, conducting regular and frequent on-site surveys in all licensed forest management areas (known as Sustainable Forest Management Plans - PMFS) proves to be an almost impossible task, notably for its costs, time and the resources required. Therefore, the present investigation aimed to: (i) analyze whether and how the use of modern geointelligence technologies and analysis of data contained in the Forest Products Trading Control System (SisDOF) and other official sources can enable us to know the real situation of logging areas authorized by the government; and (ii) verify if the PMFS located in the Southern Amazonas Mesoregion are being executed in accordance with the respective environmental standards. For each type of data (spatial or non-spatial), appropriate analysis methods were used, which resulted in the establishment of 22 evaluation criteria, initially applied to a “standard” PMFS and subsequently replicated for a total of 83 PMFS located in the Southern Amazonas Mesoregion. The results obtained are valuable and encouraging. The combined analysis of spatial information and data (satellite imagery, vector data of authorized polygons as also rivers, protected areas etc.) and non-spatial (SisDOF and other official database sources) allowed a better understanding and assessment of the context of each PMFS, especially as evidence of simulated commercial and/or transportation transactions in SisDOF to legalize forest products extracted illegally from other areas. During the investigation, it has also been found that the mathematical model known as Benford’s Law, which has long been used for the detection of economic and financial frauds, may be useful for detecting possible frauds related to forest inventories.
Due to the characteristics of the Amazon region, conducting regular and frequent on-site surveys in all licensed forest management areas (known as Sustainable Forest Management Plans - PMFS) proves to be an almost impossible task, notably for its costs, time and the resources required. Therefore, the present investigation aimed to: (i) analyze whether and how the use of modern geointelligence technologies and analysis of data contained in the Forest Products Trading Control System (SisDOF) and other official sources can enable us to know the real situation of logging areas authorized by the government; and (ii) verify if the PMFS located in the Southern Amazonas Mesoregion are being executed in accordance with the respective environmental standards. For each type of data (spatial or non-spatial), appropriate analysis methods were used, which resulted in the establishment of 22 evaluation criteria, initially applied to a “standard” PMFS and subsequently replicated for a total of 83 PMFS located in the Southern Amazonas Mesoregion. The results obtained are valuable and encouraging. The combined analysis of spatial information and data (satellite imagery, vector data of authorized polygons as also rivers, protected areas etc.) and non-spatial (SisDOF and other official database sources) allowed a better understanding and assessment of the context of each PMFS, especially as evidence of simulated commercial and/or transportation transactions in SisDOF to legalize forest products extracted illegally from other areas. During the investigation, it has also been found that the mathematical model known as Benford’s Law, which has long been used for the detection of economic and financial frauds, may be useful for detecting possible frauds related to forest inventories.
Description
Keywords
Plano de Manejo Florestal Sustentável Desmatamento Big data Geointeligência Lei de Benford Amazónia Amazon Deforestation Geointelligence Benford’s law
Citation
Perazzoni, Franco - Informação geográfica, sustentabilidade e Amazônia [Em linha]: geointeligência aplicada à avaliação de manejos florestais sustentáveis no Sul do Amazonas. [S.l.]: [s.n.], 2021. 2 vol.