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A avaliação institucional como ferramenta de gestão da qualidade : uma proposta de transformação pela liderança participativa
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Abstract(s)
O presente estudo analisa a prática da avaliação institucional das instituições de educação superior brasileiras realizada a partir do Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior (SINAES). Tomando como escopo de análise duas universidades do setor privado – Universidade Braz Cubas e Universidade Castelo Branco – buscamos compreender, de um lado, como se dá o processo de implementação dessa prática avaliativa nas duas IES e, de outro, qual seria relação estabelecida entre liderança e desempenho da avaliação institucional. Em outras palavras, objetivamos verificar o grau de institucionalização do instrumento e em que medida esta depende da atuação das lideranças. Assim, com base no método de estudo de caso, a partir de análise dos documentos da avaliação externa de 2015 nas duas IES e de entrevistas realizadas seus atores institucionais, estudamos as dinâmicas, processos e estruturação das CPAs nas duas IES de forma a identificar seu modelo de atuação, coerência com o proposto pelo SINAES e possíveis limitações. Dessa análise, buscamos adaptar os indicadores usados na avaliação institucional de modo que sirvam como base para um modelo de gestão da melhoria no interior das IES. Nossa análise apontou para os seguintes resultados: 1) existência de elementos que mostram um déficit de implementação da autoavaliação nas IES, limitando a sistemática de avaliação como um todo. Entre eles, citamos a inexistência de autonomia financeira e operacional dos então integrantes das Comissões Próprias de Avaliação (CPA); 2) relatório de autoavaliação com caráter estritamente descritivo, com raras análises críticas do real contexto das IES; 3) baixa adesão da comunidade universitária; 4) falta de incentivo das lideranças quanto à condução de processos avaliativos permanentes. De forma a contribuir com a reversão desse quadro, propomos, então, baseando-nos na teoria da Administração por Objetivos (APO), um modelo de gestão de melhoria que utiliza os indicadores do SINAES para traçar objetivos e tarefas a serem atingidos e realizados por toda a coletividade de uma dada IES. Com isso, os componentes da avaliação institucional tornam-se parte de um processo contínuo de aprimoramento, são traduzidos em planos de ação concretos e distribuídos às diferentes equipes e imiscuem-se na vida institucional da IES. Com isso, nosso trabalho ofereceu uma contribuição prática ao desafio de consolidação dos instrumentos do SINAES no âmbito das IES nos moldes de uma proposta que dê centralidade ao aprendizado e melhoria contínua, sobretudo daquelas do setor privado, que mais sofrem críticas relativas a suposta baixa qualidade em comparação com IES do setor público.
The present study analyzes the assessment of Brazilian higher education institutions based on the National System for the Assessment of Higher Education (SINAES). Taking as scope of analysis two universities from the private sector - Braz Cubas University and Castelo Branco University - we sought to understand, on the one hand, how the process of implementing this assessment practice occurs in the two HEIs and, on the other hand, what relationship would be assessed between the leadership and the universities performance in the institutional assessment. In that way, we aim to verify the degree of institutionalization of the assessment and to what extent it depends on the leadership performance. Thus, based on the case study method, on the analysis of the documents of the 2015 internal and external assessment in the two HEIs and on interviews conducted by us, we studied the dynamics, processes and structures of the CPAs in the two HEIs in order to identify their consistency and limitations. From this analysis, we sought to adapt the indicators used in the institutional assessment so that they serve as the basis for a management model of improvement within HEIs. Our analysis has led to the following results: 1) a deficit in the implementation of self-assessment in HEI, limiting the assessment system. Among them, we mention the lack of financial and operational autonomy of the members of the Appraisal Committees (CPA); 2) self-assessment report with a strictly descriptive character, without critical analyzes about the real situation of both HEI; 3) low adherence of the university community to the institutional assessment; 4) lack of encouragement from leadership in the conduction of permanent assessment processes. To contribute to the readjustment of this framework, we proposed a management model based on the theory of Management by Objectives (APO), which uses SINAES indicators to outline the objectives and tasks to be achieved and accomplished by the HEIs. Once designed so, the institutional assessment becomes a process of continuous improvement, helps to elaborate concrete plans and actions and covers the whole institutional context of HEIs. Thereby, our work offered a practical contribution to the challenge that is to consolidate SINAES in the HEIs institutional life, so that the learning and continuous improvement become fundamental principles, challenge that is even more urgent to be overcome by the Brazilian HEI from the private sector, harshly criticized due to their lower quality education when compared to those from public sector.
The present study analyzes the assessment of Brazilian higher education institutions based on the National System for the Assessment of Higher Education (SINAES). Taking as scope of analysis two universities from the private sector - Braz Cubas University and Castelo Branco University - we sought to understand, on the one hand, how the process of implementing this assessment practice occurs in the two HEIs and, on the other hand, what relationship would be assessed between the leadership and the universities performance in the institutional assessment. In that way, we aim to verify the degree of institutionalization of the assessment and to what extent it depends on the leadership performance. Thus, based on the case study method, on the analysis of the documents of the 2015 internal and external assessment in the two HEIs and on interviews conducted by us, we studied the dynamics, processes and structures of the CPAs in the two HEIs in order to identify their consistency and limitations. From this analysis, we sought to adapt the indicators used in the institutional assessment so that they serve as the basis for a management model of improvement within HEIs. Our analysis has led to the following results: 1) a deficit in the implementation of self-assessment in HEI, limiting the assessment system. Among them, we mention the lack of financial and operational autonomy of the members of the Appraisal Committees (CPA); 2) self-assessment report with a strictly descriptive character, without critical analyzes about the real situation of both HEI; 3) low adherence of the university community to the institutional assessment; 4) lack of encouragement from leadership in the conduction of permanent assessment processes. To contribute to the readjustment of this framework, we proposed a management model based on the theory of Management by Objectives (APO), which uses SINAES indicators to outline the objectives and tasks to be achieved and accomplished by the HEIs. Once designed so, the institutional assessment becomes a process of continuous improvement, helps to elaborate concrete plans and actions and covers the whole institutional context of HEIs. Thereby, our work offered a practical contribution to the challenge that is to consolidate SINAES in the HEIs institutional life, so that the learning and continuous improvement become fundamental principles, challenge that is even more urgent to be overcome by the Brazilian HEI from the private sector, harshly criticized due to their lower quality education when compared to those from public sector.
Description
Keywords
Avaliação Educação Gestão da qualidade Liderança participativa Gestão de estabelecimentos de ensino Instituições de ensino superior Instituições de ensino superior Higher education Leadership IES management Evaluation as a management tool
Citation
Silva, Gilberto Alves da - A avaliação institucional como ferramenta de gestão da qualidade [Em linha]: uma proposta de transformação pela liderança participativa. Lisboa: Universidade Aberta, 2018. 413 p.