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What makes school a happy place? development and validation of a measurement scale for students

2026-06-10Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorGramaxo, Patrícia Leonor
dc.contributor.authorDias, Álvaro
dc.contributor.authorAbelha, Marta
dc.contributor.authorDutschke, Georg
dc.contributor.authorSeabra, Filipa
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-11T15:21:45Z
dc.date.available2026-06-11T15:21:45Z
dc.date.issued2026-06-10en_US
dc.date.updated2026-06-10T18:41:51Z
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: In addition to academic results, schools are increasingly mandated with promoting student happiness, contributing to their well-being, instilling a sense of belonging, and fostering the development of social and emotional skills. Thus, it is essential to have validated instruments to assess the overall happiness of schools. This article proposes a scale that assesses school happiness, as perceived by students. Methods: Data was obtained through questionnaires administered to 2,452 students (for the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), data were collected from 1,242 respondents, while a separate sample of 1,210 participated in the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The model was tested using structural equation modeling techniques. Results: The results made it possible to identify three main components: Supportive Relationships and School Climate (People), Learning Processes and School Experience (Process), Learning Environments and Inclusion (Place). Discussion: The article discusses the development and validation of an instrument that can be applied to students as one of the means of assessing a school’s general happiness level and identifying key aspects to improve to increase a school’s level of happiness. Implications for future research on happy school evaluation are discussed, since schools will now have at their disposal tools that enable them to assess a happy school from the perspective of teachers, parents, and pupils.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThe author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research and/or publication of this article. Funded by National Funds through the FCT, within the scope of the projects UID/4372/2025 and UID/PRR/04372/2025. (https://doi.org/10.54499/UID/04372/2025). The funder was not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of data, the writing of this article, or the decision to submit it for publication.
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.identifier.citationGramaxo P, Dias Á, Abelha M, Dutschke G and Seabra F (2026) What makes school a happy place? Development and validation of a measurement scale for students. Front. Educ. 11:1816069. doi: 10.3389/feduc.2026.1816069
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/feduc.2026.1816069en_US
dc.identifier.issn2504-284Xen_US
dc.identifier.slugcv-prod-5050456
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/22178
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.relationDistance Education and Elearning Laboratory
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectHappy schools
dc.subjectPsychometric validation
dc.subjectScale development
dc.subjectStudent perceptions
dc.subjectWellbeing in education
dc.titleWhat makes school a happy place? development and validation of a measurement scale for studentseng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardNumberUIDP/04372/2020
oaire.awardTitleDistance Education and Elearning Laboratory
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F04372%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.titleFrontiers in Educationen_US
oaire.citation.volume11en_US
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameGramaxo
person.familyNameAbelha
person.familyNameDutschke
person.familyNameSeabra
person.givenNamePatrícia Leonor
person.givenNameMarta
person.givenNameGeorg
person.givenNameFilipa
person.identifierH-1160-2016
person.identifierYawJROIAAAAJ&hl=pt-PT
person.identifier.ciencia-id381C-9241-80DD
person.identifier.ciencia-id9D1F-94B0-794A
person.identifier.ciencia-id991A-6004-246D
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-3797-7109
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-7105-3722
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-3352-3938
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-1690-9502
person.identifier.scopus-author-id35772219700
person.identifier.scopus-author-id24477084400
person.identifier.scopus-author-id57210809988
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.cv.cienciaid991A-6004-246D | FILIPA ISABEL BARRETO DE SEABRA BORGES
rcaap.rightsopenAccessen_US
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