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Cuidar do recĂ©m-nascido: o enfermeiro como promotor das competĂȘncias parentais
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Abstract(s)
Resumo - As acçÔes de promoção de saĂșde pertinentes e de qualidade desenvolvidas no contexto dos cuidados de saĂșde primĂĄrios, sĂŁo fundamentais porque visam facultar aos Pais os conhecimentos necessĂĄrios ao melhor desempenho da sua função parental. Desta forma, torna-se imperioso conhecer as dificuldades dos Pais no cuidar do RecĂ©m-Nascido (RN) no perĂodo pĂłs-parto, para que se possa promover uma melhor adaptação aos seus novos papĂ©is e desenvolver competĂȘncias parentais no Ăąmbito da prestação de cuidados ao RN. Actualmente, a maioria dos Pais nĂŁo possui apoios familiares na prestação de cuidados ao RN, pelo que Ă© essencial que possuam as competĂȘncias necessĂĄrias para o cuidar do seu bebĂ©.
Este estudo tem como finalidade conduzir Ă reflexĂŁo sobre a temĂĄtica, no sentido de instituir mudanças nas prĂĄticas de cuidados ao nĂvel do Centro de SaĂșde, que conduzam a um envolvimento efectivo dos Pais nos cuidados a prestar aos filhos, capacitando-os para cuidarem destes no futuro.
Neste contexto, esta investigação insere-se no paradigma quantitativo e qualitativo com uma abordagem exploratĂłria, descritiva e transversal e tem como principais objectivos para o grupo dos profissionais de saĂșde, conhecer a opiniĂŁo dos Enfermeiros sobre os conhecimentos e as dificuldades que os Pais apresentam no cuidar do RN e analisar as prĂĄticas que os Enfermeiros mobilizam na 1ÂȘ Consulta de VigilĂąncia do RN com vista ao desenvolvimento de competĂȘncias parentais. Para o grupo dos Pais, tem como objectivo identificar os conhecimentos e as dificuldades que os Pais apresentam no cuidar do RN e analisar as competĂȘncias que os Pais apresentam no cuidar do RN.
UtilizĂĄmos duas amostras nĂŁo probabilĂsticas e intencionais constituĂdas por sete Enfermeiros (N=7) e por onze RN/Pais (N=11).
Foram utilizados vĂĄrios mĂ©todos e instrumentos de colheita de dados, o questionĂĄrio e a observação participante no grupo dos profissionais de saĂșde e a entrevista semi-estruturada e a observação fĂlmica no grupo dos Pais. Relativamente Ă anĂĄlise dos dados quantitativos utilizĂĄmos o programa estatĂstico SPSS e na anĂĄlise dos dados qualitativos optĂĄmos por utilizar a tĂ©cnica de anĂĄlise de conteĂșdo e a tĂ©cnica de anĂĄlise Alceste.
As principais conclusÔes a que chegåmos foram:
Os Enfermeiros consideram que os Pais apresentam um nĂvel baixo de conhecimentos no que concerne Ă eliminação de uratos e Ă fase de desenvolvimento psicossexual do RN.
Os Enfermeiros consideram que os Pais apresentam um nĂvel elevado de dificuldades:
no que respeita Ă Alimentação do RN - no reflexo de sucção, nos cuidados com as mamas e na preparação do leite artificial; Cuidar do RecĂ©m-Nascido â O Enfermeiro como Promotor das CompetĂȘncias Parentais
no que concerne Ă Eliminação do RN - na eliminação de uratos, na frequĂȘncia e caracterĂsticas das fezes, na tĂ©cnica de alĂvio das cĂłlicas e na definição de obstipação e tĂ©cnica de estimulação;
no que se refere Ă Higiene e Conforto do RN - nos cuidados ao coto umbilical;
no que respeita ao Afecto e Estimulação do RN - na interacção Pais-RN, na estimulação verbal e tåctil e na estimulação com um brinquedo;
no que toca à Adaptação ao Papel Parental na figura significativa como principal prestadora de cuidados;
no que concerne à Segurança e Prevenção de Acidentes no posicionamento ao deitar, na manobra de Heimilch, na exposição solar e no risco de quedas e queimaduras e na utilização de acessórios;
no que respeita Ă Sexualidade do RN na fase de desenvolvimento psicossexual do RN (fase oral);
no que concerne a todas as categorias da dimensĂŁo VigilĂąncia de SaĂșde do RN, nomeadamente, na utilização dos documentos de saĂșde do RN, no conhecimento das vacinas a administrar ao nascimento e na conduta perante situaçÔes como icterĂcia, obstrução nasal, obstipação e cĂłlica abdominal.
Os Enfermeiros no Ăąmbito da 1ÂȘ Consulta de VigilĂąncia do RN nĂŁo cumprem o preconizado pelo Guia Orientador da Consulta de Enfermagem de SaĂșde Infantil no que se refere Ă promoção dos cuidados antecipatĂłrios.
Os Pais referem preocupaçÔes e dificuldades na adaptação ao seu novo papel, revelando uma maior preparação aqueles que tĂȘm conhecimentos prĂĄticos adquiridos atravĂ©s de experiĂȘncias anteriores do que daqueles que tĂȘm conhecimentos teĂłricos adquiridos durante a gravidez e no perĂodo pĂłs-parto. Salientam a falta do apoio da famĂlia alargada e a necessidade de existir um maior suporte e apoios na comunidade para uma melhor adaptação a esta fase do ciclo de vida.
As mĂŁes referem trĂȘs grandes dificuldades: no relacionamento do RN em casa, a nĂvel da identificação das suas necessidades, da amamentação e dos estados de consciĂȘncia do RN; na prestação de cuidados de higiene e conforto ao RN, principalmente no banho e nos cuidados ao coto umbilical e na prestação de cuidados que visam a segurança e a prevenção de acidentes.
A nĂvel das competĂȘncias parentais verificĂĄmos que os Pais apresentam algumas lacunas no domĂnio da prestação de cuidados ao RN, nomeadamente, a nĂvel da amamentação e na prestação de cuidados de higiene e conforto manifestando sentimentos de medo e receio de mexer no RN. Apresentaram competĂȘncias no Ăąmbito da interacção com o RN e na adaptação ao papel parental verificando-se uma grande envolvĂȘncia do pai na prestação de cuidados ao RN.
RĂ©sumĂ© - Les actions de promotion de santĂ© pertinentes et de qualitĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©es dans le contexte des soins de santĂ© primaires sont fondamentales car elles visent doter les parents de connaissances nĂ©cessaires pour exercer au mieux leur fonction parentale. Ainsi, connaĂźtre les difficultĂ©s des parents lorsquâils soignent le nouveau-nĂ© (NN) pendant la pĂ©riode post-natale devient impĂ©ratif, pour pouvoir promouvoir une meilleure adaptation Ă leurs nouveaux rĂŽles et dĂ©velopper des compĂ©tences parentales dans le cadre de lâassistance au NN. Actuellement la plupart des parents ne disposent pas de soutien familial lors de la prestation de soins au NN, il est ainsi essentiel quâils possĂšdent les compĂ©tences nĂ©cessaires pour soigner leur bĂ©bĂ©. Cette Ă©tude a pour but de mener Ă une rĂ©flexion sur la thĂ©matique, dans le sens dâinstituer des changements dans la mise en pratique des soins au niveau des âCentres de SantĂ©" pendant la pĂ©riode post-natale, qui mĂšnent Ă lâengagement effectif des parents dans les soins Ă prĂȘter Ă leurs enfants en les rendant capables de les soigner dans lâavenir. Dans ce contexte, cette investigation sâinsĂšre dans le paradigme quantitatif et qualitatif avec un abordage exploratoire, descriptif et transversal et a pour objectifs principaux, auprĂšs du groupe de professionnels de santĂ©, de connaĂźtre lâopinion des infirmiers sur les connaissances et les difficultĂ©s que les parents prĂ©sentent lorsquâils soignent le NN et dâanalyser les pratiques que les infirmiers emploient pendant la premiĂšre consultation de contrĂŽle du NN afin de dĂ©velopper les compĂ©tences parentales. Quant au groupe des parents, elle a pour objectif dâidentifier les connaissances et les difficultĂ©s que les parents prĂ©sentent en soignant le NN et dâanalyser les compĂ©tences quâils dĂ©montrent dans ces soins. Deux Ă©chantillons non probabilistes et intentionnels constituĂ©s par sept infirmiers (N=7) et par onze NN/parents (N=11) ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s. On a employĂ© plusieurs mĂ©thodes et instruments de recueil de donnĂ©es, le questionnaire et lâobservation participante auprĂšs du groupe des professionnels de santĂ©, et lâinterview semi structurĂ©e ainsi que lâobservation filmique auprĂšs du groupe des parents. Quant Ă lâanalyse des donnĂ©es quantitatives, on a utilisĂ© le programme statistique SPSS et, pour lâanalyse des donnĂ©es qualitatives, on a choisi la technique dâanalyse de contenu et la technique dâanalyse Alceste. On est parvenus aux suivantes conclusions principales: Les infirmiers considĂšrent que les parents prĂ©sentent un faible niveau de connaissances en ce qui concerne lâĂ©limination dâurates et la phase de dĂ©veloppement psycho sexuel du NN. Les infirmiers considĂšrent que les parents prĂ©sentent un niveau Ă©levĂ© de difficultĂ©s en ce qui: Cuidar do RecĂ©m-Nascido â O Enfermeiro como Promotor das CompetĂȘncias Parentais ôregarde lâAlimentation du NN - le reflux de succion, les soins des seins et la prĂ©paration du lait artificiel; concerne lâElimination du NN - lâĂ©limination dâurates, la frĂ©quence et caractĂ©ristique des excrĂ©ments, la technique et soulagement des coliques ainsi que la dĂ©finition de constipation et la technique de stimulation; relativement Ă lâHygiĂšne et au Confort du NN - les soins du cordon ombilical; regarde lâAffection et la Stimulation du NN - lâinteraction parents NN, la stimulation verbale et tactile, ainsi que la stimulation par un jouet; concerne lâAdaptation au RĂŽle Parental comme figure significative en tant que principale prestataire de soins; concerne la SĂ©curitĂ© et la PrĂ©vention dâAccident, le positionnement au coucher, la manoeuvre de Heimilch, lâexposition solaire, le risque de chutes et brĂ»lures et lâutilisation dâaccessoires; regarde la SexualitĂ© du NN pendant la pĂ©riode de dĂ©veloppement psycho sexuel du NN (phase orale); concerne toutes les catĂ©gories du domaine ContrĂŽle de SantĂ© du NN notamment, lâutilisation des documents de santĂ© du NN, les connaissances des vaccins Ă administrer Ă la naissance et la conduite face aux situations comme la jaunisse, lâobstruction nasale, la constipation et la colique abdominale. Dans le cadre de la premiĂšre Consultation de ContrĂŽle du NN, les infirmiers nâaccomplissent pas ce que prĂ©conise le Guide Orienteur de la Consultation dâInfirmerie de SantĂ© Infantile relativement Ă la promotion des soins anticipatoires. Les parents montrent des soucis et des difficultĂ©s dâadaptation Ă leur nouveau rĂŽle. Ceux qui ont des connaissances pratiques acquises Ă travers dâexpĂ©riences antĂ©rieures ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© une meilleure prĂ©paration par rapport Ă ceux qui dĂ©tiennent des connaissances thĂ©oriques acquises pendant la grossesse et pĂ©riode post-natale. Ils signalent le manque de soutien dune famille Ă©largie et proclament la nĂ©cessitĂ© dâun plus grand support et lâexistence dâaides dans la communautĂ© pour une meilleure adaptation Ă cette phase du cycle de vie. Les mĂšres dĂ©voilent trois grandes difficultĂ©s: la relation du NN Ă la maison, au niveau de lâidentification de ses besoins, de lâallaitement et des Ă©tats de conscience du NN; la prestation de soins dâhygiĂšne et de confort au NN, principalement pendant le bain et les soins du cordon ombilical et dans la prestation de soins qui visent la sĂ©curitĂ© et la prĂ©vention dâaccidents. Quant aux compĂ©tences parentales on a vĂ©rifiĂ© que les parents prĂ©sentent quelques lacunes dans le cadre de lâassistance au NN, notamment au niveau de lâallaitement et de la prestation de soins dâhygiĂšne et confort en manifestant des sentiments de peur et de crainte de toucher le NN. Ils prĂ©sentent des compĂ©tences dans le domaine de lâinteraction avec le NN et de lâadaptation au rĂŽle parental et on constate un grand engagement du pĂšre dans lâassistance au NN
Abstract - Pertinent and good quality activities to promote health care are fundamental in supplying parents with the knowledge they need to better perform the parental role. Therefore it is vital that the difficulties that parents have in caring for their newborns in the post natal period are known, so that it is possible to facilitate an easier adaptation to their new roles and to develop parental competency as part of the care given to the newborn. Currently most parents do not have family support in caring for their newborns and so it is essential that they have the necessary competencies to look after their baby. The subject of this study is to encourage reflection on this theme, with the aim of instilling changes in the care given by health centres during the post natal period, which lead to more effective involvement of the parents in the care given to their children, giving them the capacity to care for them in the future. In this context, this investigation fits into a quantitative and qualitative paradigm with an exploratory, descriptive and transversal approach. The main objectives for the group of health care professionals are: to learn the opinion of the nurses about the knowledge and difficulties that parents have when caring for the newborn; to analyse the procedures that the nurses put in to practice during the first consultation with the newborn with a view to developing parental competencies. For the group of parents the objectives are to identify the knowledge and difficulties that parents show in caring for the newborn and to analyse the competencies that parents show in caring for the newborn. We used two non probabilistic and intentional samples made up of seven nurses (N=7) and eleven newborns/parents (N=11). Several methods and instruments for collecting data were used a questionnaire; a participative observation of the health care professionals group; a semi-structured interview; and a filmed observation of the parental group. Concerning the analysis of the quantitative data, we used the SPSS statistical program and in the analysis of the qualitative data we chose to use the contents analysis technique and the Alceste analysis technique. The main conclusions we have reached are: The nursesâ opinion is that the parents showed a low level of knowledge concerning the elimination of urates and the psychosexual development of the newborn. The nurses believe that the parents demonstrated a high level of difficulty: regarding feeding the newborn - the sucking reflex, care of the breasts and preparation of artificial milk; regarding newborn eliminations - eliminating urates, frequency and characteristics of faeces, techniques for relieving colic and the definition of constipation and stimulation techniques; as far as hygiene and confort of the newborn is concerned, care of the umbilical stump Cuidar do RecĂ©m-Nascido â O Enfermeiro como Promotor das CompetĂȘncias Parentais ôrelative to affection and stimulation of the newborn - in parental/newborn interaction, in verbal and tactile stimulation and in stimulation with a toy; regarding adaptation to the parental role as primary care giver; concerning safety and accident prevention when laying the baby down, the Heimlich manoeuvre, exposure to the sun and risk of falls and burns and the use of accessories; relative to the sexuality of the newborn in the psychosexual development phase of the newborn (oral phase); and as regards all the categories involved in the vigilance of the health of the newborn, namely the use of the newbornâs health documents, the knowledge of vaccines that are to be given after the birth and what to do in situations of jaundice, nasal obstruction, constipation and abdominal colic. The nurses donât comply with the Child Health Nursing Consultation Orientation Guide as far as promotion as anticipatory care is concerned. The parents mention worries and difficulties in adapting to their new role, revealing that those who have acquired practical knowledge through previous experience have greater preparation than those who have acquired theoretical knowledge during the pregnancy and post natal period. They point out the lack of support from the extended family and the need for greater help and support in the community for easier adaptation to this phase of life. The mothers mentioned three major difficulties: relating to the newborn at home as regards identifying their needs, breastfeeding and the states of consciousness of the newborn; the provision of hygiene and comfort to the newborn, mainly the bath and umbilical stump care, and in providing care aimed at safety and prevention of accidents. Regarding parental competencies we verified that the parents demonstrate some gaps in their knowledge of care provision to the newborn, namely concerning breastfeeding, hygiene and comfort provision, while showing fear in handling the newborn. They showed competencies when interacting with the newborn and adapting to the parental role, demonstrating a greater involvement of the father in caring for the newborn
RĂ©sumĂ© - Les actions de promotion de santĂ© pertinentes et de qualitĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©es dans le contexte des soins de santĂ© primaires sont fondamentales car elles visent doter les parents de connaissances nĂ©cessaires pour exercer au mieux leur fonction parentale. Ainsi, connaĂźtre les difficultĂ©s des parents lorsquâils soignent le nouveau-nĂ© (NN) pendant la pĂ©riode post-natale devient impĂ©ratif, pour pouvoir promouvoir une meilleure adaptation Ă leurs nouveaux rĂŽles et dĂ©velopper des compĂ©tences parentales dans le cadre de lâassistance au NN. Actuellement la plupart des parents ne disposent pas de soutien familial lors de la prestation de soins au NN, il est ainsi essentiel quâils possĂšdent les compĂ©tences nĂ©cessaires pour soigner leur bĂ©bĂ©. Cette Ă©tude a pour but de mener Ă une rĂ©flexion sur la thĂ©matique, dans le sens dâinstituer des changements dans la mise en pratique des soins au niveau des âCentres de SantĂ©" pendant la pĂ©riode post-natale, qui mĂšnent Ă lâengagement effectif des parents dans les soins Ă prĂȘter Ă leurs enfants en les rendant capables de les soigner dans lâavenir. Dans ce contexte, cette investigation sâinsĂšre dans le paradigme quantitatif et qualitatif avec un abordage exploratoire, descriptif et transversal et a pour objectifs principaux, auprĂšs du groupe de professionnels de santĂ©, de connaĂźtre lâopinion des infirmiers sur les connaissances et les difficultĂ©s que les parents prĂ©sentent lorsquâils soignent le NN et dâanalyser les pratiques que les infirmiers emploient pendant la premiĂšre consultation de contrĂŽle du NN afin de dĂ©velopper les compĂ©tences parentales. Quant au groupe des parents, elle a pour objectif dâidentifier les connaissances et les difficultĂ©s que les parents prĂ©sentent en soignant le NN et dâanalyser les compĂ©tences quâils dĂ©montrent dans ces soins. Deux Ă©chantillons non probabilistes et intentionnels constituĂ©s par sept infirmiers (N=7) et par onze NN/parents (N=11) ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s. On a employĂ© plusieurs mĂ©thodes et instruments de recueil de donnĂ©es, le questionnaire et lâobservation participante auprĂšs du groupe des professionnels de santĂ©, et lâinterview semi structurĂ©e ainsi que lâobservation filmique auprĂšs du groupe des parents. Quant Ă lâanalyse des donnĂ©es quantitatives, on a utilisĂ© le programme statistique SPSS et, pour lâanalyse des donnĂ©es qualitatives, on a choisi la technique dâanalyse de contenu et la technique dâanalyse Alceste. On est parvenus aux suivantes conclusions principales: Les infirmiers considĂšrent que les parents prĂ©sentent un faible niveau de connaissances en ce qui concerne lâĂ©limination dâurates et la phase de dĂ©veloppement psycho sexuel du NN. Les infirmiers considĂšrent que les parents prĂ©sentent un niveau Ă©levĂ© de difficultĂ©s en ce qui: Cuidar do RecĂ©m-Nascido â O Enfermeiro como Promotor das CompetĂȘncias Parentais ôregarde lâAlimentation du NN - le reflux de succion, les soins des seins et la prĂ©paration du lait artificiel; concerne lâElimination du NN - lâĂ©limination dâurates, la frĂ©quence et caractĂ©ristique des excrĂ©ments, la technique et soulagement des coliques ainsi que la dĂ©finition de constipation et la technique de stimulation; relativement Ă lâHygiĂšne et au Confort du NN - les soins du cordon ombilical; regarde lâAffection et la Stimulation du NN - lâinteraction parents NN, la stimulation verbale et tactile, ainsi que la stimulation par un jouet; concerne lâAdaptation au RĂŽle Parental comme figure significative en tant que principale prestataire de soins; concerne la SĂ©curitĂ© et la PrĂ©vention dâAccident, le positionnement au coucher, la manoeuvre de Heimilch, lâexposition solaire, le risque de chutes et brĂ»lures et lâutilisation dâaccessoires; regarde la SexualitĂ© du NN pendant la pĂ©riode de dĂ©veloppement psycho sexuel du NN (phase orale); concerne toutes les catĂ©gories du domaine ContrĂŽle de SantĂ© du NN notamment, lâutilisation des documents de santĂ© du NN, les connaissances des vaccins Ă administrer Ă la naissance et la conduite face aux situations comme la jaunisse, lâobstruction nasale, la constipation et la colique abdominale. Dans le cadre de la premiĂšre Consultation de ContrĂŽle du NN, les infirmiers nâaccomplissent pas ce que prĂ©conise le Guide Orienteur de la Consultation dâInfirmerie de SantĂ© Infantile relativement Ă la promotion des soins anticipatoires. Les parents montrent des soucis et des difficultĂ©s dâadaptation Ă leur nouveau rĂŽle. Ceux qui ont des connaissances pratiques acquises Ă travers dâexpĂ©riences antĂ©rieures ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© une meilleure prĂ©paration par rapport Ă ceux qui dĂ©tiennent des connaissances thĂ©oriques acquises pendant la grossesse et pĂ©riode post-natale. Ils signalent le manque de soutien dune famille Ă©largie et proclament la nĂ©cessitĂ© dâun plus grand support et lâexistence dâaides dans la communautĂ© pour une meilleure adaptation Ă cette phase du cycle de vie. Les mĂšres dĂ©voilent trois grandes difficultĂ©s: la relation du NN Ă la maison, au niveau de lâidentification de ses besoins, de lâallaitement et des Ă©tats de conscience du NN; la prestation de soins dâhygiĂšne et de confort au NN, principalement pendant le bain et les soins du cordon ombilical et dans la prestation de soins qui visent la sĂ©curitĂ© et la prĂ©vention dâaccidents. Quant aux compĂ©tences parentales on a vĂ©rifiĂ© que les parents prĂ©sentent quelques lacunes dans le cadre de lâassistance au NN, notamment au niveau de lâallaitement et de la prestation de soins dâhygiĂšne et confort en manifestant des sentiments de peur et de crainte de toucher le NN. Ils prĂ©sentent des compĂ©tences dans le domaine de lâinteraction avec le NN et de lâadaptation au rĂŽle parental et on constate un grand engagement du pĂšre dans lâassistance au NN
Abstract - Pertinent and good quality activities to promote health care are fundamental in supplying parents with the knowledge they need to better perform the parental role. Therefore it is vital that the difficulties that parents have in caring for their newborns in the post natal period are known, so that it is possible to facilitate an easier adaptation to their new roles and to develop parental competency as part of the care given to the newborn. Currently most parents do not have family support in caring for their newborns and so it is essential that they have the necessary competencies to look after their baby. The subject of this study is to encourage reflection on this theme, with the aim of instilling changes in the care given by health centres during the post natal period, which lead to more effective involvement of the parents in the care given to their children, giving them the capacity to care for them in the future. In this context, this investigation fits into a quantitative and qualitative paradigm with an exploratory, descriptive and transversal approach. The main objectives for the group of health care professionals are: to learn the opinion of the nurses about the knowledge and difficulties that parents have when caring for the newborn; to analyse the procedures that the nurses put in to practice during the first consultation with the newborn with a view to developing parental competencies. For the group of parents the objectives are to identify the knowledge and difficulties that parents show in caring for the newborn and to analyse the competencies that parents show in caring for the newborn. We used two non probabilistic and intentional samples made up of seven nurses (N=7) and eleven newborns/parents (N=11). Several methods and instruments for collecting data were used a questionnaire; a participative observation of the health care professionals group; a semi-structured interview; and a filmed observation of the parental group. Concerning the analysis of the quantitative data, we used the SPSS statistical program and in the analysis of the qualitative data we chose to use the contents analysis technique and the Alceste analysis technique. The main conclusions we have reached are: The nursesâ opinion is that the parents showed a low level of knowledge concerning the elimination of urates and the psychosexual development of the newborn. The nurses believe that the parents demonstrated a high level of difficulty: regarding feeding the newborn - the sucking reflex, care of the breasts and preparation of artificial milk; regarding newborn eliminations - eliminating urates, frequency and characteristics of faeces, techniques for relieving colic and the definition of constipation and stimulation techniques; as far as hygiene and confort of the newborn is concerned, care of the umbilical stump Cuidar do RecĂ©m-Nascido â O Enfermeiro como Promotor das CompetĂȘncias Parentais ôrelative to affection and stimulation of the newborn - in parental/newborn interaction, in verbal and tactile stimulation and in stimulation with a toy; regarding adaptation to the parental role as primary care giver; concerning safety and accident prevention when laying the baby down, the Heimlich manoeuvre, exposure to the sun and risk of falls and burns and the use of accessories; relative to the sexuality of the newborn in the psychosexual development phase of the newborn (oral phase); and as regards all the categories involved in the vigilance of the health of the newborn, namely the use of the newbornâs health documents, the knowledge of vaccines that are to be given after the birth and what to do in situations of jaundice, nasal obstruction, constipation and abdominal colic. The nurses donât comply with the Child Health Nursing Consultation Orientation Guide as far as promotion as anticipatory care is concerned. The parents mention worries and difficulties in adapting to their new role, revealing that those who have acquired practical knowledge through previous experience have greater preparation than those who have acquired theoretical knowledge during the pregnancy and post natal period. They point out the lack of support from the extended family and the need for greater help and support in the community for easier adaptation to this phase of life. The mothers mentioned three major difficulties: relating to the newborn at home as regards identifying their needs, breastfeeding and the states of consciousness of the newborn; the provision of hygiene and comfort to the newborn, mainly the bath and umbilical stump care, and in providing care aimed at safety and prevention of accidents. Regarding parental competencies we verified that the parents demonstrate some gaps in their knowledge of care provision to the newborn, namely concerning breastfeeding, hygiene and comfort provision, while showing fear in handling the newborn. They showed competencies when interacting with the newborn and adapting to the parental role, demonstrating a greater involvement of the father in caring for the newborn
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado em Comunicação em SaĂșde apresentada Ă Universidade Aberta
Dissertação de Mestrado em Comunicação em SaĂșde apresentada Ă Universidade Aberta
Dissertação de Mestrado em Comunicação em SaĂșde apresentada Ă Universidade Aberta
Keywords
Atitude dos pais Enfermeiros Maternidade Nascimento Paternidade Promoção da saĂșde Puericultura RelaçÔes pais-filhos Sociologia da saĂșde Birth Obstetrics Parent attitude Nurses Nursing Obstetrics Child welfare Health sociology
Citation
Silva, Ana Cristina Figueiredo Correia e - Cuidar do recĂ©m-nascido [Em linha] : o enfermeiro como promotor das competĂȘncias parentais. Lisboa : [s.n.], 2006. 285 p.