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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A sustentabilidade, embora seja um conceito de múltiplas e contestáveis interpretações, tem
vindo a assumir-se como solução para o sector do turismo enquanto ‘indústria’ que vive da
exploração ambiental, física e humana. A ausência de mercados significativos de consumidores
‘verdes’ e, consequentemente, a falta de estímulo por parte da indústria em investir em medidas
de gestão ambiental, fazem acrescer a responsabilidade do sector público enquanto actor
incentivador e propulsor de dinâmicas de desenvolvimento sustentável que minimizem os
impactes sociais e ambientais. Até porque, as medidas de auto-regulação ganham efectividade
quando integradas e complementadas com mecanismos de política pública à disposição dos
governos nacionais e locais. Neste sentido, o objectivo do trabalho consiste em perceber se o
sector público promove políticas de desenvolvimento turístico sustentável, de acordo com o que
é consensual na comunidade científica e nos organismos internacionais.
Recorrendo à abordagem qualitativa, analisou-se dois instrumentos com potencial para
propiciarem a implementação de sustentabilidade no sector, os sistemas de incentivo ao
investimento (s.i.i.), e o planeamento local/regional.
As conclusões vão no sentido de afirmar que o sector público em Portugal não promove o
desenvolvimento turístico sustentável. A avaliação dos projectos de investimento que se
candidatam a sistemas de incentivos governamentais permite trade-offs entre critérios, não
assegurando uma qualidade ambiental mínima dos projectos. O desenvolvimento sustentável
encontra-se presente de forma genérica ao nível do discurso, mas não se repercute nos
princípios do planeamento estratégico: (i) verifica-se um deficit de participação pública no
processo de planeamento, e ausência de discussão acerca do tipo de sustentabilidade a
implementar; (ii) os recursos turísticos, nomeadamente a hotelaria, não são devidamente
avaliados e analisados pelos organismos públicos que licenciam e planeiam a actividade; (iii) os
planos de turismo não contemplam indicadores de sustentabilidade associados à estratégia do
destino, pelo que a avaliação do desempenho estratégico prevê-se ser inexistente.
Sustainability, although a concept of multiple and controversial interpretations, has been proposed as a solution to the tourism sector since it depends on the resources quality. The absence of a significant market of ‘green’ consumers partly explains the industry’s lack of stimulus to invest in environmental management practices, and increases the responsibility of the public sector as a propellant agent of sustainability that minimises social and environmental impacts. Furthermore, self-regulation strategies gain effectiveness when integrated and supplemented with public policy mechanisms available to national and local governments. In this sense, the objective of the study is to understand if public sector policies promote sustainable tourism development, according to the unanimous suggestions from the scientific community and international bodies. Using a qualitative approach, two instruments with potential to help the implementation of sustainability in the sector were studied: funding incentives, and tourism planning at local/regional level. The findings suggest that the public sector in Portugal does not promote sustainable tourism development. The evaluation method used by the government to select investments allows trade-offs between criteria with no guarantee of a minimal level of environmental quality. Sustainable development is present in a generic way in the planning discourses, but is not reflected in the principles of strategic planning: (i) there is insufficient public participation in the planning process, and a lack of discussion concerning the type of sustainability to implement; (ii) the destination resources, especially accommodation business, are not properly evaluated and analysed by public bodies; (iii) plans do not consider indicators of sustainable development for tourism linked to the destination’s strategic objectives, which is to say that no strategic performance measurement exists.
Sustainability, although a concept of multiple and controversial interpretations, has been proposed as a solution to the tourism sector since it depends on the resources quality. The absence of a significant market of ‘green’ consumers partly explains the industry’s lack of stimulus to invest in environmental management practices, and increases the responsibility of the public sector as a propellant agent of sustainability that minimises social and environmental impacts. Furthermore, self-regulation strategies gain effectiveness when integrated and supplemented with public policy mechanisms available to national and local governments. In this sense, the objective of the study is to understand if public sector policies promote sustainable tourism development, according to the unanimous suggestions from the scientific community and international bodies. Using a qualitative approach, two instruments with potential to help the implementation of sustainability in the sector were studied: funding incentives, and tourism planning at local/regional level. The findings suggest that the public sector in Portugal does not promote sustainable tourism development. The evaluation method used by the government to select investments allows trade-offs between criteria with no guarantee of a minimal level of environmental quality. Sustainable development is present in a generic way in the planning discourses, but is not reflected in the principles of strategic planning: (i) there is insufficient public participation in the planning process, and a lack of discussion concerning the type of sustainability to implement; (ii) the destination resources, especially accommodation business, are not properly evaluated and analysed by public bodies; (iii) plans do not consider indicators of sustainable development for tourism linked to the destination’s strategic objectives, which is to say that no strategic performance measurement exists.
Description
Tese de Doutoramento em Gestão na especialidade de Produção e Serviços apresentada à Universidade Aberta
Keywords
Política ambiental Gestão Investimento Sector público Turismo Planeamento Desenvolvimento sustentável Qualidade do ambiente Projetos
Citation
Simão, João - O sector público e o desenvolvimento turístico sustentável [Em linha]. [Lisboa] : [s.n.], 2008. 359 p.