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A dimensão europeia da cidadania : identidade, formas de participação, representações
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A cidadania europeia, instituída em 1993 pelo Tratado de Maastricht, representa um
dos passos mais marcantes na história da Europa, mas permanece como um dos
grandes desafios da União Europeia. Os cidadãos dos Estados-Membros têm, hoje,
um estatuto singular de dupla cidadania, porque pertencem a duas comunidades
politicamente organizadas: a nacional e a supranacional. Terão eles desenvolvido um
duplo sentimento de pertença, à comunidade de origem e à comunidade europeia?
Estarão conscientes dos seus direitos de cidadania? Existe um aparente divórcio entre
os cidadãos e a vida democrática da União Europeia, e é comum responsabilizar-se as
instituições por essa falta de diálogo. Estas reconhecem a persistência de um fosso
que os separa dos cidadãos, bem como o défice de participação destes no processo
de construção da União Europeia, e procuram aprofundar o sentido da cidadania,
através do reforço dos direitos.
O presente estudo sobre a dimensão europeia da cidadania segue duas linhas de
orientação: começa por explorar o conceito de cidadania, desde a Antiga Grécia até
aos nossos dias; e, depois, aborda o processo de integração europeia, de Roma a
Lisboa, analisando as questões ligadas à cidadania da União Europeia: a sua relação
com a cidadania nacional; a sua evolução; o seu valor jurídico; os direitos dos
cidadãos, incluindo os direitos eleitorais; a Carta dos Direitos Fundamentais; a
Iniciativa de Cidadania, bem como outras formas de participação. Explora, ainda, a
noção de uma «Europa dos Cidadãos», analisando as realizações concretas da União
Europeia para o aprofundamento da cidadania, bem como o envolvimento na vida
democrática da UE, através da participação nas eleições para o Parlamento Europeu,
nos referendos e por via da Iniciativa de Cidadania.
O trabalho termina com um estudo de caso sobre a perceção dos cidadãos sobre a
cidadania da União Europeia, o qual incide sobre dois Estados-Membros (Portugal e
França), através do recurso aos inquéritos Eurobarómetro.
European citizenship, established in 1993 through the Maastricht Treaty, is one of the most remarkable steps in European history, but remains as one of the major challenges facing the European Union. Nowadays, citizens from Member States have a unique dual citizenship status, because they belong to two, politically organized, communities: the national and the supranational. Have they developed a dual sense of belonging to the community of origin and to the European community? Are they aware of their citizenship rights? Apparently, there is a division between citizens and the democratic life of the European Union. Moreover, institutions are being held responsible for this lack of dialogue. Institutions recognize the persistence of a gap between them and the citizens and the lack of their participation in the construction process of European Union, and try to deepen the meaning of citizenship by strengthening rights. This study on the European dimension of citizenship follows two guidelines: explores the concept of citizenship, since the Ancient Greece until our days; and discusses the process of European integration from Rome to Lisbon, focusing on the issues related to citizenship of the European Union: its relationship to national citizenship; its evolution; its legal value; citizens' rights, including electoral rights; the Charter of Fundamental Rights; the Citizens' Initiative, as well as other paths of participation. Furthermore, it explores the ‘Europe for Citizens’ notion, analyzing European Union’s concrete achievements concerning the deepening of citizenship, as well as the involvement in the democratic life of the EU, through participation in European Elections, referenda and the use of Citizens' Initiative. This work finishes with a case study on the perception of citizens about European Union citizenship, focusing on two Member States (Portugal and France), by using Eurobarometer surveys.
European citizenship, established in 1993 through the Maastricht Treaty, is one of the most remarkable steps in European history, but remains as one of the major challenges facing the European Union. Nowadays, citizens from Member States have a unique dual citizenship status, because they belong to two, politically organized, communities: the national and the supranational. Have they developed a dual sense of belonging to the community of origin and to the European community? Are they aware of their citizenship rights? Apparently, there is a division between citizens and the democratic life of the European Union. Moreover, institutions are being held responsible for this lack of dialogue. Institutions recognize the persistence of a gap between them and the citizens and the lack of their participation in the construction process of European Union, and try to deepen the meaning of citizenship by strengthening rights. This study on the European dimension of citizenship follows two guidelines: explores the concept of citizenship, since the Ancient Greece until our days; and discusses the process of European integration from Rome to Lisbon, focusing on the issues related to citizenship of the European Union: its relationship to national citizenship; its evolution; its legal value; citizens' rights, including electoral rights; the Charter of Fundamental Rights; the Citizens' Initiative, as well as other paths of participation. Furthermore, it explores the ‘Europe for Citizens’ notion, analyzing European Union’s concrete achievements concerning the deepening of citizenship, as well as the involvement in the democratic life of the EU, through participation in European Elections, referenda and the use of Citizens' Initiative. This work finishes with a case study on the perception of citizens about European Union citizenship, focusing on two Member States (Portugal and France), by using Eurobarometer surveys.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado em Estudos sobre a Europa apresentada à Universidade Aberta
Keywords
Cidadania Cidadania europeia Democracia Participação política Representação União Europeia European Union Citizenship/European Citizenship Democracy Representation Participation
Citation
Couto, Ana Maria Ribeiro Gomes do - A dimensão europeia da cidadania [Em linha] : identidade, formas de participação, representações. Lisboa : [s.n.], 2014. 194 p.