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Percorrer Estudos Europeus por Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) "16:Paz, Justiça e Instituições Eficazes"
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- Addressing the crisis of democracy in Europe and beyond: a comparative analysis of the EU’s democracy promotion strategies in Hungary, Turkey and UkrainePublication . Dias, Vanda; Matos, André; Spasimir, DomaradzkiThis paper analyzes how the European Union (EU) has been addressing the crisis of democracy both internally and internationally. For that purpose, it articulates a multi-level governance lens of analysis with a process tracing methodology. Multi-level governance is here understood both as an analytical framework seeking to explain the vertical and horizontal exercise of authority in complex structures composed of multiple actors, and as an answer to the challenge posed by the management of “transnational common goods” or global threats. It implies an attempt to establish a delicate balance promoted by sufficiently decentralized governance that does not, however, fail to provide networks of interactions and good practices capable of promoting collective action. This approach assesses the distribution of authority across different levels. Based on these definitions, the paper seeks to identify the EU’s democracy promotion strategies in: Hungary, as a Member State whose democratic performance has been regressing considerably; Turkey as the most complex candidate state; and Ukraine, which was previously part of the European Neighborhood Policy and is now on a fast track to enlargement. The goal is to understand how EU’s actions towards these case studies have contributed to address the crisis of democracy both within Europe and beyond.
- Construtivismo tático e o alargamento da União Europeia: a Turquia como parceira estratégica e desafio normativo nos domínios das migrações e da energiaPublication . Matos, AndréO presente artigo analisa as relações entre a União Europeia e a Turquia no contexto da política de alargamento, usando como estudos de caso os domínios da migração e da energia. A investigação procurou explorar como as dinâmicas normativas entre a UE e a Turquia se desenvolvem em contextos de cooperação assimétrica, recorre-se ao enquadramento teórico do construtivismo tático para compreender de que forma as normas são mobilizadas estrategicamente. Metodologicamente, aplicou-se um estudo comparativo baseado em lógica de most-different systems design, sustentado por fontes institucionais e académicas. A análise mostrou que, tanto na migração como na energia, a UE adota uma postura seletiva e pragmática face aos seus compromissos normativos, enquanto a Turquia instrumentaliza a sua posição geopolítica para obter benefícios estratégicos. O estudo evidenciou as tensões entre normatividade e pragmatismo, contribuindo para o debate sobre a coerência externa da UE, em particular no quadro da sua política de alargamento.
- Desafios geopolíticos contemporâneos e os alargamentos da União: o triângulo Ucrânia-Sérvia-TürkiyePublication . Matos, André; Camisão, Isabel; Lopes, Dulce; Simão, LicíniaEste capítulo examina a política de alargamento da União Europeia (UE) como resposta aos desafios geopolíticos contemporâneos, destacando as implicações para a expansão da influência da UE através de uma leitura específica dos casos da Ucrânia, da Türkiye e da Sérvia. A candidatura da Ucrânia é analisada em termos da resistência à influência russa e das divisões internas na UE sobre o valor estratégico dessa adesão, na qual o impacto da guerra e a estabilidade regional são fatores cruciais. Na Sérvia, a influência russa e a questão do Kosovo surgem como desafios centrais à integração. A Türkiye reflete uma realidade distinta, com um processo particularmente volátil e reativo a fenómenos políticos específicos. Assim, o presente capítulo pretende refletir sobre a forma como essas variáveis podem vir a moldar o futuro da política de alargamento da UE e a sua resposta a cenários geopolíticos complexos.
- How to design your own social inclusion project?: Best practice guide for university students. A case study: Peacemakers ProjectPublication . Koç University; Universidade Aberta; University of Bologna; Humboldt-Universität; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Gaziantep University; Silva, Mário Filipe da; Sousa, Lúcio; Sequeira, Rosa Maria; Gronita, Joaquim; Ramos, NatáliaThis “Best Practice Guide for University Students on How to Design Your Own Social Inclusion Project” is prepared for university students planning to start a social inclusion project on or outside their campus, but do not know where to start. A step-by-step approach will guide the way to a successful social inclusion student project that will raise awareness in your circles and attract others to get onboard. The Erasmus+ project titled “PEACEMAKERS: ‘Peace Dialogue Campus Network: Fostering Positive Attitudes between Migrants and Youth in Hosting Societies’” is taken as a case study.
- Language diversity in a migration contextPublication . Silva, Mário Filipe daMigrants never travel alone. Migrant people and migrant languages are journey companions. Migrants meet new countries, different people, new cultures, new languages. We do not all speak English. Languages in contact and intercultural communication active learning should be part of linguistic and social integration policies.
- PEACEMAKERS Project: “Peace dialogue campus network: fostering positive attitudes between migrants and youth in hosting societies”: needs analysisPublication . Koç University; University of Bologna; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Universidade Aberta; Gaziantep University; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Silva, Mário Filipe da; Sousa, Lúcio; Sequeira, Rosa Maria; Gronita, Joaquim; Ramos, NatáliaThe ongoing refugee crisis in Europe and Turkey reinforced xenophobic and anti-immigrant sentiment, manifested in attacks on migrants, and those perceived as foreigners and support for populist anti-immigration parties in many European Union (EU) states. In many of the EU member states, high levels of immigration appear to have produced an increase in hostility toward immigrants (Quillian 1995; McLaren 1996b), increased support for right-wing parties (Knigge 1998; Lewis-Beck & Mitchell 1993), and even produced violent right-wing behaviour (McLaren 1999). “In September, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Zeid Ra’ad al-Hussein warned leaders of populist parties in Europe about the corrosive effect on societies of their instrumentalization of bigotry and xenophobia for political ends.” (Human Rights Watch, 2017). As we see this trend continuing in Europe and Turkey, the question to ask is how to reduce intergroup prejudice and discrimination in order to promote inter-ethnic social inclusion. Indeed, immigration is very often source of “shock of the culture” for both native and immigrant people, often leading to what is called the “integration crisis”, that is, a conflictual situation among individuals with different geographical, cultural, or ethnic background. Such crisis is often caused by the necessity for individuals to redefine social interactions and norms that are adaptive for all social groups. To do this, it is essential to understand the perspective of both native, or the majority, and immigrant people, or the minority group. Research on social integration has shown that the inclusion of the new members in the host societies is the basis for social cohesion (Fleras, 2009), and continuous positive contacts between members of different groups (Allport, 1954) are necessary, as they increase native people’ knowledge about immigrants and vice versa, then break prejudices and stereotypes, facilitating the social cohesion.
- PEACEMAKERS Project: “Peace dialogue campus network: fostering positive attitudes between migrants and youth in hosting societies”: strategy paperPublication . Koç University; University of Bologna; Universidade Aberta; Humboldt-Universität; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Gaziantep University; Silva, Mário Filipe da; Sousa, Lúcio; Sequeira, Rosa Maria; Gronita, Joaquim; Ramos, Natália
- Progresso Científico e Tecnológico na União EuropeiaPublication . Matos, André; Matos, André; Baltazar, Isabel; Pacheco, FátimaO progresso científico e tecnológico é, para qualquer Estado ou Organização Internacional, uma das estratégicas mais eficazes na prossecução da prosperidade, competitividade e bem-estar da sociedade. Atendendo aos objetivos da União Europeia (UE), enquanto organização internacional sui generis, previstos nos Tratados, este domínio torna-se fundamental para que a UE cumpra a sua missão e garanta aos cidadãos europeus a estabilidade, a segurança e o bem-estar que defende. Por esse motivo, e desde a sua criação, a UE reconheceu o papel do avanço científico e da inovação tecnológica na promoção do crescimento económico, na melhoria da qualidade de vida e perante os desafios societais.
- Rethinking the geopolitical shifts and security in the New MillenniumPublication . Matos, André; Garrido, RuiThis editorial introduces the Special Issue "Geopolitics and International Security in the 21st Century" and frames it against the erosion of the post–Cold War assumptions that once sustained optimism about global governance. It argues that two pillars of the 1990s (the expectation that democratisation would reduce conflict and the belief that deepening economic interdependence would pacify international relations) have been increasingly undermined by renewed geopolitical rivalry, an accelerating wave of autocratisation, and the strategic instrumentalisation of rules and institutions. The editorial further highlights how selective moral and political prioritisation of human life and dignity across contemporary crises has intensified pressures on international normative systems, weakened legitimacy, and contributed to patterns of diplomatic non-alignment, consequently amplifying global fragmentation. Against this background, the Special Issue’s contributions collectively address an overarching question: how can law and institutions remain credible and effective in a security environment shaped by resource competition, technological militarisation, disinformation, populist foreign policy, contested borders, and renewed debates on accountability for aggression and wartime harms? The editorial closes by stressing the need to restore principled coherence, human security, and trust in multilateral cooperation as prerequisites for confronting the systemic risks that threaten global stability and planetary survival.
- Tactical constructivism and the enlargement of the European Union: Türkiye as a strategic partner and normative challenge in the fields of migration and energyPublication . Matos, AndréThis article analyses the relationship between the European Union and Türkiye in the context of Enlargement Policy, using migration and energy as case studies. The research sought to explore how normative dynamics between the European Union and Türkiye develop in contexts of asymmetric cooperation, using the theoretical framework of tactical constructivism to understand how norms are strategically mobilised. Methodologically, a comparative study was applied based on a most-different systems design logic. The analysis showed that, in both migration and energy, the Union adopts a selective and pragmatic stance towards its normative commitments, while Türkiye instrumentalises its geopolitical position to obtain strategic benefits. The study highlighted the tensions between normativity and pragmatism, contributing to the debate on the external coherence of the European Union, particularly in the context of its Policy on Enlargement.