Ciências e Tecnologia / Sciences and Technology
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Browsing Ciências e Tecnologia / Sciences and Technology by Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) "10:Reduzir as Desigualdades"
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- Benchmarking city layouts: a methodological approach and an accessibility comparison between a real city and the garden cityPublication . Monteiro, João Pedro Medina; Sousa, Nuno; Jesus, Eduardo Natividade; Rodrigues, João CoutinhoThis article presents a comparative accessibility study between a real city and its redraft as a Garden City. The benchmarking methodology involves defining and evaluating a location-based accessibility indicator in a GIS environment for the city of Coimbra, Portugal, and for the same city laid out as a Garden City, with the same number of inhabitants, jobs, and similar number of urban facilities. The results are derived as maps and weighted average distances per inhabitant to the facilities and jobs, and show that, for the Garden City, average distances drop to around 500 m for urban facilities and 1500 m for the combination of facilities and jobs, making much of the city accessible by walking and practically the whole of it accessible by cycling, with positive impact on transport sustainability and accessibility equity. The methodology can be extended to other benchmarking indicators and city layouts, and the quantitative results it yields make a valuable contribution to the debate on the ideal layout of cities. Moreover, it gives directions on how to improve real cities to address current and future sustainability concerns.
- Enhancing recruitment with LLMs and chatbotsPublication . Novais, Liliana; Rocio, Vitor; Morais, A. JorgeTraditional approaches in the competitive recruitment landscape frequently encounter difficulties in effectively identifying exceptional applicants, resulting in delays, increased expenses, and biases. This study proposes the utilisation of contemporary technologies such as Large Language Models (LLMs) and chatbots to automate the process of resume screening, thereby diminishing prejudices and enhancing communication between recruiters and candidates. Algorithms based on LLM can greatly transform the process of screening by improving both its speed and accuracy. By integrating chatbots, it becomes possible to have personalised interactions with candidates and streamline the process of scheduling interviews. This strategy accelerates the hiring process while maintaining principles of justice and ethics. Its objective is to improve algorithms and procedures to meet changing requirements and enhance the competitive advantage of talent acquisition within organisations.
- The impact of accessibility changes on local development: a spatial approachPublication . Freiria, Susana; Sousa, NunoThroughout the years, the European Commission has allocated significant financial resources to road infrastructure construction, based on the belief that it would boost, socioeconomic development. However, literature evidence shows it is not consensual whether those investment policies will yield the expected outcomes. The main goal of this work is to shed light on where, and to what extent, accessibility changes due to road infrastructure construction might contribute to boost socioeconomic development at the municipal scale and regional cohesion, resorting to a case study consisting of the municipalities located in the Center Region of Portugal. The analysis uses spatial statistical methods and considers both space and time-lagged variables simultaneously, while controlling for endogeneity, spatial autocorrelation and demographic variables. Results show that accessibility changes induced by 20 years of road infrastructure construction had, in general, a positive impact on the development of the Center Region municipalities. However, depending on how accessibility is defined, negative impacts were also reported, as well as impacts that depend on geographic location. It is suggested that these latter impacts might be related to population migration within the Center Region. Concerning cohesion, no significant impacts of accessibility changes were found.