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  • Why do people use new psychoactive substances?: Development of a new measurement tool in six European countries
    Publication . Benschop, Annemieke; Urbán, R.; Kapitány-Fövény, M.; Van Hout, Marie Claire; Dąbrowska, K.; Felvinczi, Katalin; Hearne, E.; Henriques, Susana; Kaló, Z.; Kamphausen, G.; Silva, Joana Paula; Wieczorek, Łukasz; Werse, Bernd; Bujalski, Michal; Korf, D.; Demetrovics, Zsolt
    Introduction: New psychoactive substances (NPS) pose a public health threat. Many studies have tried to identify the reasons of NPS use; however, none of them have so far used any standardised measures. The aim of this study was (i) to develop and cross-culturally validate the New Psychoactive Substance Use Motives Measure (NPSMM) and (ii) to compare motives of NPS use across countries and user types. Methods: Three subgroups (socially marginalised users, nightlife attendees and members of online communities) of NPS users (N = 3023) were recruited from six EU member countries. Demographics, motives and types of NPS used were assessed. NPS use motives were measured by adapting the extended six-factor version of the Marijuana Motives Measure. Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a similar five-factor solution across most of the countries: coping, enhancement, social, conformity and expansion motives. Marginalised users scored higher on coping and conformity motives, nightlife groups showed higher endorsement of social motive, whereas online community users showed higher scores on expansion motives. Various types of NPS were also associated with different motives. Conclusion: NPS use motives might be associated with both the groups of users and the specific types of NPS being consumed. Expansion (psychedelics) and enhancement (stimulants) motives seemed to be linked to the chosen NPS product type, while coping, social and conformity motives were rather associated with user groups. NPSMM was found to be a valid instrument to measure NPS motives.
    2020-02-11Journal article Restricted access Show more
  • (Im)polidez em diferentes contextos sócio/interculturais
    Publication . Albuquerque, Rodrigo; Cabral, Ana Lúcia Tinoco; Seara, Isabel
    Neste dossiê, rememoramos os contributos de Goffman (1964 [1998]) no que tange à situação negligenciada, à época, por algumas correntes linguísticas: a situação social, que conduz sujeitos, igualmente sociais, na construção conjunta de sentidos, como atividade inerente à interação face a face. Na esteira goffmaniana, regras culturais, em nossa leitura (tanto no contato sócio quanto intercultural), “estabelecem como os indivíduos devem se conduzir em virtude de estarem em um agrupamento e estas regras de convivência, quando seguidas, organizam socialmente o comportamento daqueles presentes à situação” (GOFFMAN, 1963, 1964 [1998]). Historicamente, direta ou indiretamente, tal formulação orientou discussões posteriores, assentadas em um campo (extra)linguístico, tais como o fenômeno da polidez (LAKOFF, 1973; LEECH, 1983; BROWN; LEVINSON, 1987), que, igualmente, são nutridas pelas considerações acerca das atividades da face positiva (necessidade de ser apreciado) e da face negativa (necessidade de ser livre de imposições) (GOFFMAN, 1967), e, de forma diversa, se manifesta em perspectiva sócio/intercultural.
    2020-02-11Journal article Open access Show more