Browsing by Author "Casaleiro, Paula"
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- Climate change policies and agendas: facing implementation challenges and guiding responsesPublication . Alves, Fátima; Leal Filho, Walter; Casaleiro, Paula; Nagy, Gustavo J.; Diaz, Harry; Al-Amin, Abul Quasem; Farooq, Harith; Guerra, José Baltazar Salgueirinho Osório de Andrade; Margot, Hurlbert; Klavins, Maris; Saroar, Mustafa; Lorencova, Eliska Krkoska; Suresh, Jain; Soares, Amadeu; Morgado, Fernando; O’Hare, Paul; Wolf, Franziska; Azeiteiro, UlissesClimate policies are essential to mitigate climate change and to develop successful adaptation processes. However, there is a paucity of international studies that analyse the status of climate change policies. This paper reports on research undertaken in a sample of 13 highly diverse countries, in regards to their geography, socioeconomic development, vulnerability elements, adaptation, and climate-risks. The results draw attention to the global spread and standardisation of climate change policies, namely through the adoption of comprehensive National Adaptation Plans/Strategies (NAPs/NASs) that include mitigation measures and evaluation mechanisms. Although NAPs tend to take into account different non-governmental stakeholders, they are still mainly state-centred (i.e. their steering and implementation are the responsibility of each country´s Ministry of the Environment) in most of the 13 countries in which this study was carried out. The results show that NAPs’ objectives mainly reflect more a global agenda and pay less attention to national/regional vulnerabilities and contexts. In fact, despite different socioeconomic levels of development, diverse climate-risks, and dissimilar vulnerability and readiness status among countries, the examined NAPs tend to focus on the same critical sectors and objectives. Notwithstanding their similarities, our results highlight two different logics of adaptation reflected on the NAPs: one focused on economic risks and opportunities, characteristic of developed countries; and others focused on natural resources and conservation, characteristic of developing countries.
- Small-scale artisanal fisheries and its networks: the case of Arte Xávega in PortugalPublication . Alves, Fátima; Casaleiro, Paula; Valentim, Cristina Sá; Castro, Paula; Pardal, MiguelThis paper examines the management process of the Arte Xávega related to the implementation of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) and the Portuguese artisanal fishing regulation. This study looks at a formal normativity and seeks to discern how it is achieved. The methodology is based on the analysis of European and national legal documents collected until 2017 and mobilises a reticular approach, which directs our gaze at the complex interactions guided by contingency and heterogeneity. It is argued that the local governance of the Arte Xávega is a highly wide-ranging and diverse process and simultaneously a local and global one through which diverse types of appropriations and translations occur. Throughout this interconnected process between different actors and scales as they seek to implement policies, the different actors’ interests are re-represented and re-ordered in the national legislation and norms. Considering this perspective, governance of artisanal fishing is highly contested and unpredictable, shaped by tensions, negotiations, and entangled networks crossing national and transnational scales and perceptions.
- Viver do mar: caracterização socioeconómica das comunidades piscatórias de arte xávega em PortugalPublication . Alves, Fátima; Casaleiro, Paula; Valentim, Cristina Sá; Neto, Jorge; Castro, Paula; Pardal, Miguel ÂngeloEste artigo visa caracterizar a pesca com arte xávega do ponto de vista socioeconómico. A arte xávega é um método artesanal de pesca praticado em Portugal desde o século XV, tendo conseguido sobreviver até aos dias de hoje. A pesquisa foi feita com recurso a um inquérito por questionário aplicado em 2018 a comunidades piscatórias da arte xávega, em praias das regiões norte, centro e sul de Portugal continental. A partir destes dados, identificam-se perfis sociodemográficos e económicos de pescadores para compreender as diferentes lógicas de relações que estas comunidades mantêm com esta pesca e com o mar, em particular os seus recursos marinhos. Constata-se que as práticas com a arte xávega traduzem configurações sociais, económicas, ambientais e culturais diversificadas e plurais, e mobilizam uma comunidade mais ampla e heterogénea do que aquela que lhe é comummente associada, refletindo diferentes lógicas de relação entre pescadores e ambiente.