Browsing by Author "Bentley, Jacob"
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- Working group on ecosystem assessment of Western European shelf seas (WGEAWESS)Publication . Abrantes, Fatima; Andonegi, Eider; Beggs, Steven; Bentley, Jacob; Borges, Fátima; Christensen, Villy; Corrales, Xavier; Depestele, Jochen; Fariñas, Andrea; Fox, Clive; Gal, Gideon; Gascuel, Didier; Halouani, Ghassen; Heymans, Sheila; Holdsworth, Neil; Issac, Pierre; Kalinina, Olga; Kellner, Julie; Kempf, Jed; Kraan, Marloes; Lehuta, Sigrid; Llope, Marcos; López, Romain; Martinez, Inigo; Motova, Arina; Payne, Mark; Pedreschi, Debbi; Piroddi, Chiara; Potier, Mikaëla; Preciado, Izaskun; Püts, Miriam; Ramirez-Monsalve, Paulina; Reid, Dave; Rufino, Marta; Salgueiro, Emilia; Schoenen, Lea; Schuchert, Pia; Seixas, Sónia; Serpetti, Natalia; Silvar Viladomiu, Paula; Steenbeek, Jeroen; Szalaj, Dorota; Tomczak, Maciej; Torres, Marian; Travers-Trolet, Morgane; Vernhout, Gerben; Villanueva, ChingThe ICES Working Group on Ecosystem Assessment of Western European Shelf Seas (WGEA-WESS) aims to provide high quality science in support to holistic, adaptive, evidence-based man-agement in the Celtic seas, Bay of Biscay and Iberian coast regions. The group works towards developing integrated ecosystem assessments for both the (i) Celtic Seas and (ii) Bay of Biscay and Iberian Coast which are summarized in the Ecosystem Overviews (EOs) advice products that were recently updated. Integrated Trend Analysis (ITA) were performed for multiple sub-ecoregions and used to develop an understanding of ecosystem responses to pressures at varying spatial scales. Ecosystem models (primarily Ecopath with Ecosim; EwE) were developed and identified for fisheries and spatial management advice. The updated Celtic Seas EO represents a large step forward for EOs, with the inclusion of novel sections on climate change, foodweb and productivity, the first application of the new guidelines for building the conceptual diagram, inclusion of socio-economic indicators, and progress made toward complying with the Transparent Assessment Framework (TAF). We highlight ongoing issues relevant to the development and communication of EO conceptual diagrams. A common methodology using dynamic factor analysis (DFA) was used to perform ITA in a comparable way for seven subregions. This was supported by the design and compilation of the first standardized cross-regional dataset. A comparison of the main trends evidenced among subregions over the period 1993–2020 was conducted and will be published soon. A list of available and developing EWE models for the region was also generated. Here, we re-port on the advances in temporal and spatial ecosystem modelling, such as their capacity to model the impacts of sector activities (e.g. renewables and fisheries) and quantify foodweb indi-cators. We also reflect on model quality assessment with the key run of the Irish sea EwE model. The group highlighted the hurdles and gaps in current models in support of EBM, such as the choice of a relevant functional, spatial, and temporal scales and the impacts of model structure on our capacity to draw comparisons from models of different regions. The group aims to ad-dress these issues in coming years and identify routes for ecosystem model derived information into ICES advice.
- Workshop on Assessing the Impact of Fishing on Oceanic Carbon (WKFISHCARBON; outputs from 2023 meeting)Publication . Bastardie, François; Belin, Alice; Bentley, Jacob; Berzaghi, Fabio; Bore, Abdirahman; Bradshaw, Clare; Cape, Mattias; Cariou, Thibault; Carvalho, Natacha; Cavan, Emma; Christensen, Villy; Croot, Peter; Miranda, Aderito de; Grossmann, Jenni; Hidalgo, Manuel; Hill, Simeon; Hubbard, Rebecca; Hunter, William; Kuhlmann, Jannis; Kuznia, Ola; Lockhart, Kathy; Lønborg, Christian; Lörinczi, Larissa; Luck, Cian; Marsh, Maija; Martin, Angela; Matias, Ana; Mejri, Randa; Morys, Claudia; Ogbuka, Josiah; Oke, Michael; O'Neill, Barry; Ortega, Miquel; Ottmann, Daniel; Paradis, Sarah; Parker, Ruth; Petitgas, Pierre; Polimene, Luca; Polsenaere, Pierre; Porz, Lucas; Rastrick, Samuel; Reid, David; Eigaard, Ole Ritzau; Sailley, Sevrine; Sala, Antonello; Schnoor, Pernille; Seixas, Sónia; Sutherland-Sherriff, Arielle; Türkmen, Ant; Valanko, Sebastian; Vastenhoud, Berthe; Visser, Andre; Walker, Mike; Wisz, Mary; Witting, Kea; Zhang, WenyanThe Workshop on Assessing the Impact of Fishing on Oceanic Carbon (WKFISHCARBON) was set up to provide ICES and stakeholders with a summary of knowledge on the role of fishing in the process of carbon budgets, sequestration and footprint in the ocean. The workshop addressed the potential impact of fishing on the biological carbon pump (BCP), the possible impacts of bottom trawling on carbon stores in the seabed, as well as considering emissions from fishing vessels. The overall aim was to generate proposals on how to develop an ICES approach to fishing and its role in the ocean carbon budget, and to develop a roadmap for a way forward. The main findings were that knowledge of the BCP in the open ocean was reasonably well developed, but that key gaps existed. In particular, information on the biomass of mesopelagic fish and other biota, and of some of the key processes e.g. fluxes and fish bioenergetics. Knowledge is much weaker for the BCP in shelf seas, where the bulk of fishing occurs. In particular, while biomass of fish was often well quantified, unlike the open ocean, the understanding of the important processes was lacking, particularly for the fate of faecal pellets and deadfall at the seabed. There is extensive scientific knowledge of the impact of fishing on the seabed, but what is un-clear is what it means for seabed carbon storage. There have been numbers of studies, which give a very divided view on this. There has also been open controversy about this in the literature. Physical disturbance to the seabed from fishing can affect sediment transport and has the potential to facilitate remineralization, but precise impacts will depend on habitat, fishing métier, and other environmental factors. From this, it is clear that more research is needed to resolve the controversy, and to quantify the impacts from different fishing gears and on different substrates or habitats in terms of carbon storage. There has been much more research on minimizing fuel use by fishing vessels, and hence emissions, but this has mainly focused on fuel efficiency, fuel use per unit of landed catch, and less on the total emissions. Baselines for fuel use are available at the global level, but are lacking at the national and vessel level. There is a need for standardization of methodologies and protocols, and for improving the uptake of fuel conservation measures by industry, as well as for improving the uptake of existing and potential fuel conservation and efficiency measures by industry. Finally, a roadmap was proposed to develop research and synthesis, on the understandings of the processes involved, the metrics and how to translate this into possible advice for policy-makers. To that end, a further workshop was proposed in 2024.