História, Arqueologia e Património | Artigos em revistas nacionais / Papers in national journals
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- Caracterização de uma conta de vidro proveniente do povoado fortificado calcolítico da Moita da Ladra (Vila Franca de Xira)Publication . Gonçalves, António P.; Soares, António; Oliveira, Maria José; Alves, Luís Cerqueira; Valério, Pedro; Cardoso, João LuísThe full excavation of the fortified Chalcolithic settlement of Moita da Ladra by one of us (J.L.C.) has shown the existence of a single archaeological layer corresponding to the occupation of the site during the second half of the 3rd millennium BC. Among the archaeological remains collected during the field campaigns there is a bead, with a spheroid shape, longitudinally fractured, presenting a black matrix with numerous whitish spots. The fracture presents a vitreous greasy surface, and exposes a suspension cylindrical bore. Various techniques were used to identify the material that was used in the manufacture of the artifact, including CHN elemental analysis, EDXRF, μ-PIXE and XRD, conducted by the other authors. It was found that the material is not organic (carbon is absent), presenting significant amounts of the elements Si, K, Ca, Ti, Fe, Sr, Zr, and Sb. The X-ray diffraction spectra indicates that the material has an essentially vitreous nature, being the whitish particles dispersed in the vitreous mass identified as quartz. μ-PIXE results show a chemical composition that is consistent with an artificial glass, which implies a much more recent chronology for the bead than that of the Chalcolithic archaeological layer where it was recovered. Thus, although the bead was recorded from a Chalcolithic context, its provenance must be ascribed to the Late Bronze Age occupation recorded nearby and resulting from the early Phoenician trade.
- Novos dados sobre a proveniência do cobre de LeceiaPublication . Valério, Pedro; Cardoso, João Luís; Alves, Luís Cerqueira; Soares, António; Araújo, Maria FátimaThe archaeological site of Leceia is a Chalcolithic settlement with one of the largest amounts of metal artefacts in the Lisbon peninsula, although the absence of ores and smelting remains suggests that local metallurgical operations were essentially related to the last stages of the chaine opératoire, namely the casting and forging of artefacts. In fact, the local archaeological record shows several ingots including axe‑ingots, some of which bear clear traces of sectioning. Five of these ingots were analysed to establish their elemental compositions and Pb isotope signatures in order to identify the possible sources of copper used in their manufacture. Elemental results identified copper with variable contents of arsenic (up to 2.94 wt%) and very low amounts of other impurities, which compares well with the composition of local objects. Pb isotope ratios are also in line with the values previously obtained for copper prills and objects from Leceia, supporting the likely use of these ingots for the casting of local artefacts. Moreover, the most likely candidates for supplying the metal based on in the ingots analysed are copper deposits located in the Linares‑La Carolina mine district and also, but to a lesser extent, in mines located in the Los Pedroches Batholith and the South Portuguese Zone. This evidences a long‑distance copper trade between the Portuguese Estremadura and the Southern Iberian Peninsula and implies multiple trade connections of Chalcolithic communities inhabiting this region.