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Migração e saúde : adaptação, stress e bem-estar psicossocial de enfermeiros portugueses em contexto migratório no espaço europeu
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Abstract(s)
O presente estudo procurou identificar, compreender e analisar as vulnerabilidades, riscos psicossociais, stress, saúde e bem-estar psicossocial de enfermeiros portugueses em contexto migratório noutros países europeus. Como ponto de partida empírico utilizou-se uma metodologia mista que conciliou como instrumentos de recolha de dados as entrevistas semiestruturadas e o inventário Brief-COPE a imigrantes portugueses que viviam e trabalhavam nos seguintes países: Bélgica, Irlanda, Liechtenstein, Noruega, Reino Unido e Suíça. Os principais resultados indicam que a maior parte dos stressores físicos experienciados em contexto migratório são similares aos enfrentados pelos enfermeiros nativos, com exceção do trabalho em turnos de 12 horas ou mais, e o fator climático, ambos stressores físicos específicos no contexto estudado. O idioma, a discriminação, a separação da família e dos amigos e a maternidade em situação migratória são os principais stressores psicossociais que afetaram a saúde e o bem-estar destes imigrantes. Na sua perspetiva, é na dimensão linguística e comunicacional que os imigrantes, numa fase inicial, sentiram as maiores dificuldades. Face às evidências empíricas, concluiu-se que a maioria destes enfermeiros migrantes considera que a sua saúde e bem-estar melhoraram bastante, associando esta condição à melhoria do seu nível económico e de qualidade de vida, e fazendo um balanço positivo da sua integração nestas geografias de destino. Contudo, para 31,5% dos participantes a saúde e bem-estar pioraram a nível do sistema musculoesquelético e da saúde mental, pelo que seria pertinente aprofundar os fatores que podem explicar o agravamento da saúde e bem-estar em situação migratória.
The present study sought to identify, understand and analyse the vulnerabilities, psychosocial risks, stress, health and psychosocial well-being of Portuguese nurses in migratory setting in other European countries. As an empirical starting point, a mixed methodology was used that associated semi-structured interviews and the Brief-COPE inventory with migrants living and working in the following countries: Belgium, Ireland, Liechtenstein, Norway, United Kingdom and Switzerland. The main results indicate that most of the physical stressors are similar to those faced by native nurses, excepting shift work of 12 hours or more, and the unfamiliar weather conditions (such as the less sun light), both specific physical stressors in migratory situation. Language, discrimination, separation from family and friends, and migratory motherhood are the main psychosocial stressors that have prejudiced health and wellbeing of these immigrants. From their perspective, it is in the linguistic and communicational dimension that immigrants, initially, experienced the greatest difficulties. In view of the empirical evidence, we concluded that the vast majority of these migrant nurses consider that their health and wellbeing have enhanced a lot, associating this condition with the improvement of their economic level and quality of life, and making a positive assessment of their integration in the destinations’ countries. However, for 31.5% of participants, health and well-being worsened in terms of the musculoskeletal system and mental health, so it would be pertinent to delve deeper into the factors that can explain the worsening of health and well-being in migratory situation.
The present study sought to identify, understand and analyse the vulnerabilities, psychosocial risks, stress, health and psychosocial well-being of Portuguese nurses in migratory setting in other European countries. As an empirical starting point, a mixed methodology was used that associated semi-structured interviews and the Brief-COPE inventory with migrants living and working in the following countries: Belgium, Ireland, Liechtenstein, Norway, United Kingdom and Switzerland. The main results indicate that most of the physical stressors are similar to those faced by native nurses, excepting shift work of 12 hours or more, and the unfamiliar weather conditions (such as the less sun light), both specific physical stressors in migratory situation. Language, discrimination, separation from family and friends, and migratory motherhood are the main psychosocial stressors that have prejudiced health and wellbeing of these immigrants. From their perspective, it is in the linguistic and communicational dimension that immigrants, initially, experienced the greatest difficulties. In view of the empirical evidence, we concluded that the vast majority of these migrant nurses consider that their health and wellbeing have enhanced a lot, associating this condition with the improvement of their economic level and quality of life, and making a positive assessment of their integration in the destinations’ countries. However, for 31.5% of participants, health and well-being worsened in terms of the musculoskeletal system and mental health, so it would be pertinent to delve deeper into the factors that can explain the worsening of health and well-being in migratory situation.
Description
Tese de Doutoramento em Relações Interculturais, apresentada à Universidade Aberta
Keywords
Enfermeiros Portugueses Migrações Stress Saúde Bem-estar Migrantes qualificados Migrações na Europa Portuguese nurses Migration Health and well-being Qualified migrants Migrations in Europe