Multilevel modeling techniques to study the impact of environmental changes on human face development

Amorim, Mónica; Godinho, Joana; Oliveira, Teresa

http://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/14394

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Authors

Amorim, Mónica

Godinho, Joana

Oliveira, Teresa

Abstract(s)

Environmental changes leading to different growth patterns of allergenic species, longer pollen seasons, deterioration of indoor and outdoor air quality have reportedly increased allergic rhinitis and viral infections in children which may lead to facial growth problems. The airway has a relevant role in the development of craniofacial structures, thus, in this work, we intended to model the mandibular inclination in growing individuals, considering sagittal pharyngeal characteristics and other craniofacial characteristics as predictors. Angular, linear and area measurements were performed concerning the maxilla, mandible, cranio-cervical posture and upper airway at pre-peak, peak and post-peak cephalograms, in a sample of 157 individuals with no history of orthodontic treatment. Mandibular inclination (ML/NSL) was adjusted as a function of other craniofacial variables using a longitudinal hierarchical linear model (MLH). Two relevant adjustments with random intercepts and slopes were obtained for the time variable. Modelling with MLH allowed for the estimation of fixed and random components at the individual level, the time level for ML/NSL and the influence of certain predictors on the rate of change of ML/NSL throughout growth were explored. The application of MLH is recommended to allow the incorporation of clinical and environmental variables during growth and to better clarify the role of the airway in the development of craniofacial structures.

Keywords

Linear hierarchical model Longitudinal data Cephalometry Growth Airway

URI

http://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/14394

Citation

Mónica Amorim, Joana Godinho, Teresa Oliveira: Multilevel modeling techniques to study the impact of environmental changes on human face development. ENVECON, University of Thessaly,pgs56-64.i