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Florestas enquanto instrumento heurístico de discussão das sociedades e a sustentabilidade social nos territórios sustentáveis e saudáveis da Bocaina
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Abstract(s)
O modelo de proteção de ecossistemas na forma de Unidades de Conservação no Brasil se desenvolveu sob contexto de profundo conflito socioambiental. Criaram-se Unidades de Conservação em territórios de povos e comunidades tradicionais, inclusive quilombolas, impactando seus modos de vida. Marginalizados em relação às políticas ambientais, eles resistem, se organizam, buscam reconhecimento da ancestralidade, garantia de direitos, gestão participativa e integrada ao desenvolvimento sustentável. Assim, objetivou-se verificar, em abordagem indutiva, como as comunidades quilombolas da Fazenda e da Caçandoca se relacionam com as florestas a partir da sustentabilidade, protegem serviços ecossistêmicos e desenvolvem sistemas de participação ativa e cidadã que fortalecem a governança. A partir do embasamento teórico-conceitual da Geografia, alinhado à perspectiva dialética decolonial, criticou-se concepções neocoloniais sobre as paisagens brasileiras que invisibilizam a construção social das florestas por povos e comunidades tradicionais. Por intermédio de pesquisa quali-quantitativa, baseada na Teoria Fundamentada, aplicaram-se questionários eletrônicos e entrevistas, incluindo atividades de campo, levantando-se informações e dados que embasaram o estabelecimento de relações e alicerçaram propostas. Sequencialmente, procedeu-se às análises léxica e de conteúdo, utilizando-se o programa MAXQDA®. Os resultados possibilitaram a interpretação sobre como os 20 entrevistados vislumbram a gestão socioambiental na área de estudos, chegando-se às categorias: preservacionista, conservacionista e autonomista. Além disso, os entrevistados valorizam mais os serviços ecossistêmicos culturais e de provisão. Predominam entendimentos tecnocráticos entre os 102 inquiridos que responderam o questionário, justificando a proposição de um conceito contra-hegemônico de floresta.
The model of protecting ecosystems in the form of Conservation Units in Brazil has been developed in a context of deep socio-environmental conflict. Conservation Units have been created in the territories of traditional peoples and communities, including quilombolas, impacting their way of life. Marginalized in relation to environmental policies, they resist, organize themselves, seek recognition of their ancestry, guaranteed rights, participatory management and integrated sustainable development. Thus, the aim of this inductive study was to verify how the quilombola communities of Fazenda and Caçandoca relate to forests on the basis of sustainability, protect ecosystem services and develop systems of active citizen participation that strengthen governance. From the theoretical-conceptual basis of Geography, aligned with the decolonial dialectical perspective, we criticized neo-colonial conceptions of Brazilian landscapes which make the social construction of forests by traditional peoples and communities invisible. Through qualitative and quantitative research, based on Grounded Theory, electronic questionnaires and interviews were applied, including field activities, gathering information and data that supported the establishment of relationships and proposals. This was followed by lexical and content analysis using the MAXQDA® program. The results made it possible to interpret how the 20 interviewees view socio-environmental management in the study area, reaching at the categories: preservationist, conservationist and autonomist. In addition, the interviewees valued cultural and provisioning ecosystem services more. Technocratic understandings predominate among the 102 respondents who answered the questionnaire, justifying the proposition of a counter-hegemonic concept of forest.
The model of protecting ecosystems in the form of Conservation Units in Brazil has been developed in a context of deep socio-environmental conflict. Conservation Units have been created in the territories of traditional peoples and communities, including quilombolas, impacting their way of life. Marginalized in relation to environmental policies, they resist, organize themselves, seek recognition of their ancestry, guaranteed rights, participatory management and integrated sustainable development. Thus, the aim of this inductive study was to verify how the quilombola communities of Fazenda and Caçandoca relate to forests on the basis of sustainability, protect ecosystem services and develop systems of active citizen participation that strengthen governance. From the theoretical-conceptual basis of Geography, aligned with the decolonial dialectical perspective, we criticized neo-colonial conceptions of Brazilian landscapes which make the social construction of forests by traditional peoples and communities invisible. Through qualitative and quantitative research, based on Grounded Theory, electronic questionnaires and interviews were applied, including field activities, gathering information and data that supported the establishment of relationships and proposals. This was followed by lexical and content analysis using the MAXQDA® program. The results made it possible to interpret how the 20 interviewees view socio-environmental management in the study area, reaching at the categories: preservationist, conservationist and autonomist. In addition, the interviewees valued cultural and provisioning ecosystem services more. Technocratic understandings predominate among the 102 respondents who answered the questionnaire, justifying the proposition of a counter-hegemonic concept of forest.
Description
Tese de Doutoramento em Sustentabilidade Social e Desenvolvimento, apresentada à Universidade Aberta
Keywords
Florestas Povos e comunidades tradicionais Quilombolas Recursos naturais Serviços ecossistémicos Governança Brasil Forests Traditional peoples and communities Maroons Natural resources Ecosystem services Governance