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Racionalidades leigas e a prevenção da sífilis congênita no Brasil
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Abstract(s)
A pesquisa proposta parte de dois pressupostos: o primeiro, que as práticas e os comportamentos na área da saúde são uma tríade entre fenômenos biológicos, psicológicos e sociais; o segundo, que as ações para a promoção da saúde são complexas e, apesar de considerarem o conhecimento dos sujeitos como elemento fundamental para a melhoria dessas práticas, reconhecem elementos subjetivos, representações e racionalidades que extrapolam o que o conhecimento puro traduz. O enquadramento teórico foi alicerçado,
portanto, em autores do campo das ciências sociais e das ciências da saúde com contribuições nos debates sobre racionalidades leigas, representações sociais e saberes populares e em autores do campo da psicologia e neurociência que dialogam com as teorias sobre subjetividade e representação e atuam na área do comportamento, mais especificamente no comportamento em saúde. Além, claro, das referências fundantes sobre sífilis e sífilis congênita. A partir daí, e considerando o atual cenário da sífilis congênita no Brasil,
pretendeu-se identificar e analisar quais são as racionalidades leigas sobre sífilis entre gestantes no país e suas relações com os comportamentos na área da saúde voltados à prevenção da sífilis congênita. A pesquisa, de viés qualitativo, foi composta por uma amostragem constituída de 20 gestantes com perfil social, econômico e cultural diferentes, distribuídas da seguinte forma: (a) 10 gestantes em situação econômica favorável, com fácil acesso aos serviços de saúde, identificadas a partir de grupos temáticos em redes sociais
(whatsapp, telegram e instagram) voltados às gestantes; (b) 10 gestantes em situação de pobreza, incluindo gestantes em situação de rua ou com moradia precária, sendo, as gestantes em “situação de pobreza”, aquelas que recebem algum auxílio financeiro ou material de instâncias governamentais ou não. Os dados foram coletados a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisados a partir do Método da Análise de Conteúdo. Para isso, foram criadas categorias de análise com foco nos saberes, práticas, sentimentos das gestantes e sua relação com os serviços e profissionais da saúde. Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram que
independentemente do grupo social ao qual a gestante estava vinculada, suas racionalidades devem ser percebidas de forma individualizada para que possam ser compreendidas, considerando que não identificamos relação direta entre essas racionalidades e elementos objetivos de caracterização. Assim, podemos dizer que os resultados da pesquisa revelaram que para a implementação de políticas para a eliminação de uma doença como a sífilis congênita, é preciso cautela e atenção às individualidades caso queiramos considerar os sujeitos como coparticipantes na implementação dessas políticas.
The proposed research stems from two assumptions: firstly, that practices and behaviors in the health field are a triad of biological, psychological, and social phenomena; secondly, that actions aimed at health promotion are intrinsically complex and, despite considering the knowledge of the subjects as a key element for improving these practices, they recognize subjective elements, representations and rationalities that go beyond what pure knowledge translates. Therefore, the theoretical framework was based on authors from the fields of social sciences and health sciences who have contributed to the debates on lay rationalities, social representations and popular knowledge, as well as on authors from the field of psychology and neuroscience who dialogue with theories on subjectivity and representations and who work in the behavioral area, more specifically health behavior – in addition, of course, to the founding references on syphilis and congenital syphilis. Taking that as a starting point, and considering the current scenario of congenital syphilis in Brazil, we intended to identify and analyze the lay rationalities about syphilis in pregnant women in the country and their relationship with the behaviors in the health field aimed at preventing congenital syphilis. The qualitative research was comprised by a sample of 20 pregnant women with different social, economic and cultural profiles, distributed as follows: (a) 10 pregnant women in a favorable economic situation, with easy access to health services, identified from thematic groups on social networks (WhatsApp, Telegram and Instagram) aimed at pregnant women; (b) 10 pregnant women in a poverty situation, including pregnant women living on the streets or in a precarious housing situation. The second group received some financial or material aid from governmental or non-governmental organizations. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the Content Analysis Method. To this end, categories of analysis were created focusing on the knowledge, practices, and feelings of pregnant women and their relationship with health services and professionals. The results of the research revealed that, regardless of the social group to which a pregnant woman belongs, her rationalities must be perceived individually in order to be understood, considering that we did not identify a direct relationship between these rationalities and objective elements of characterization. Thus, we can say that the research has helped to show that, in order to implement policies for eliminating of a disease such as congenital syphilis, caution and attention to the individualities are necessary if we want to consider the subjects as co-participants in the implementation of these policies.
The proposed research stems from two assumptions: firstly, that practices and behaviors in the health field are a triad of biological, psychological, and social phenomena; secondly, that actions aimed at health promotion are intrinsically complex and, despite considering the knowledge of the subjects as a key element for improving these practices, they recognize subjective elements, representations and rationalities that go beyond what pure knowledge translates. Therefore, the theoretical framework was based on authors from the fields of social sciences and health sciences who have contributed to the debates on lay rationalities, social representations and popular knowledge, as well as on authors from the field of psychology and neuroscience who dialogue with theories on subjectivity and representations and who work in the behavioral area, more specifically health behavior – in addition, of course, to the founding references on syphilis and congenital syphilis. Taking that as a starting point, and considering the current scenario of congenital syphilis in Brazil, we intended to identify and analyze the lay rationalities about syphilis in pregnant women in the country and their relationship with the behaviors in the health field aimed at preventing congenital syphilis. The qualitative research was comprised by a sample of 20 pregnant women with different social, economic and cultural profiles, distributed as follows: (a) 10 pregnant women in a favorable economic situation, with easy access to health services, identified from thematic groups on social networks (WhatsApp, Telegram and Instagram) aimed at pregnant women; (b) 10 pregnant women in a poverty situation, including pregnant women living on the streets or in a precarious housing situation. The second group received some financial or material aid from governmental or non-governmental organizations. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the Content Analysis Method. To this end, categories of analysis were created focusing on the knowledge, practices, and feelings of pregnant women and their relationship with health services and professionals. The results of the research revealed that, regardless of the social group to which a pregnant woman belongs, her rationalities must be perceived individually in order to be understood, considering that we did not identify a direct relationship between these rationalities and objective elements of characterization. Thus, we can say that the research has helped to show that, in order to implement policies for eliminating of a disease such as congenital syphilis, caution and attention to the individualities are necessary if we want to consider the subjects as co-participants in the implementation of these policies.
Description
Keywords
Sífilis congénita Doenças sexualmente transmissíveis Racionalidades leigas Representações sociais Comportamento em saúde Congenital syphilis Lay rationalities Social representations Health behavior
Citation
Silva, Ana Luísa Nepomuceno - Racionalidades leigas e a prevenção da sífilis congênita no Brasil [Em linha]. [S.l.]: [s.n.]. 2024. 253 p.