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Phase equilibrium of n-Nonane + n-Decane for low-temperature thermal energy storage: insights into odd–even effects

2025-03-06Journal article Open access
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datacite.subject.fosEngenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Química
datacite.subject.sdg07:Energias Renováveis e Acessíveis
dc.contributor.authorSequeira, Maria Carolina
dc.contributor.authorNikitin, Timur
dc.contributor.authorCaetano, Fernando J. P.
dc.contributor.authorDiogo, Herminio
dc.contributor.authorFareleira, João
dc.contributor.authorFausto, Rui
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-07T17:44:58Z
dc.date.available2026-01-07T17:44:58Z
dc.date.issued2025-03-06
dc.description.abstractThe present article presents the solid–liquid phase diagram of a binary system composed of an n-alkane with an odd number of carbon atoms, namely, n-nonane (n-C9), with an even-numbered one, namely n-decane (n-C10). This work is part of a series of phase equilibrium studies on n-alkanes for low-temperature thermal energy storage (TES) applications. The ultimate purpose of this work is to investigate the adequacy of this binary system to be used as a Phase Change Material (PCM) at low temperatures. Additionally, along the equilibrium studies on linear alkanes, an interesting feature has emerged: the solid–liquid phase diagrams of binary n-alkane systems apparently show a striking dependence on the odd or even number of carbon atoms in their chains. The phase diagram for the system n-C9 + n-C10 has primarily been obtained using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), whose results have been complemented by Hot-Stage Microscopy (HSM) and low-temperature Raman Spectroscopy results. The DSC analysis provided both the temperature and enthalpy values for the observed solid–liquid and solid–solid phase transitions. The n-C9 + n-C10 binary system seems to display a peritectic solid–liquid phase diagram at low temperatures. The peritectic temperature found was 222.41 K, with a peritectic composition around xnonane = 0.60. Those results confirmed the initial suggestions that this would be a peritectic system, based on previously observed odd–even effects on phase equilibrium behavior of alkane mixtures. The goal of this work is to extend new insights into the solid–liquid phase equilibrium behavior of the binary system n-C9 + n-C10, a topic not yet covered in the literature. This information, consequently, provides practical and essential information on the potential use of this system as PCM for low-temperature TES applications. Additionally, it contributes to support the important discussion on the effect of odd–even number of carbons of the individual n-alkanes in the solid–liquid phase equilibrium behavior of their binary mixtures. The solid–liquid diagram of this system is being published for the first time, as far as the authors are aware.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - UIDB/00313/2025 ERA-Chair Spectroscopy@IKU - (Project number: 101184899) European Research Agency, HORIZON-WIDERA-2023-TALENTS-01-01 Program
dc.identifier.citationSequeira, M.C.M., Nikitin, T., Caetano, F.J.P. et al. Phase Equilibrium of n-Nonane + n-Decane for Low-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage: Insights into Odd–Even Effects. Int J Thermophys 46, 60 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-025-03531-7
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s10765-025-03531-7
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/20685
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherSpringer Nature
dc.relationCentro de Química Estrutural
dc.relationEquilibrium and Transport Properties of Materials for Sustainable Low Temperature Energy Storage
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10765-025-03531-7
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectLow-temperature thermal energy storage (TES)
dc.subjectn-alkanes
dc.subjectOdd–even chain effects
dc.subjectPhase change material (PCM)
dc.subjectSolid–liquid phase diagram
dc.subjectPolymorphism
dc.titlePhase equilibrium of n-Nonane + n-Decane for low-temperature thermal energy storage: insights into odd–even effectseng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleCentro de Química Estrutural
oaire.awardTitleEquilibrium and Transport Properties of Materials for Sustainable Low Temperature Energy Storage
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F00100%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/OE/UI%2FBD%2F152239%2F2021/PT
oaire.citation.endPage19
oaire.citation.issue60
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titleInternational Journal of Thermophysics
oaire.citation.volume46
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStreamOE
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
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person.familyNameNikitin
person.familyNameCaetano
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person.familyNameFareleira
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person.givenNameMaria Carolina
person.givenNameTimur
person.givenNameFernando J. P.
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person.identifier.ridH-8246-2012
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person.identifier.scopus-author-id57209026585
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project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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