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O direito internacional e a criação do Império Alemão: análise do caso de Schleswing-Holstein
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Abstract(s)
A disputa pelo Schleswig-Holstein entre o Reino Dinamarquês e o Reino Prussiano tem seu
início no século XIX, envolvendo uma série de questões socioculturais e jurídicas, envolvendo
desde a história cultural até o campo do direito internacional. Com o fim da Primeira Guerra
Mundial, a situação dos estados de Schleswig-Holstein é novamente levantada pela comunidade
internacional. Plebiscitos são organizados, uma nova fronteira criada e o Schleswig volta na
maioria ao domínio dinamarquês. Esta situação foi mediada pelo Tratado de Versalhes, que se
caracterizou como novo marco para o direito internacional no período, reafirmando a defesa da
paz e vida das minorias espalhadas por toda a Europa, em decorrência da guerra.
Somente após a Segunda Guerra Mundial a questão das relações culturais das minorias em
ambos os lados da fronteira foi novamente abordada. A fronteira entre a Dinamarca e Alemanha
permaneceu a mesma, porém as reivindicações das minorias agora estavam sobretudo na esfera
da política, educação e preservação cultural. Nesse novo acordo, ambas as minorias ganharam
o direito de escolha em relação à nacionalidade dinamarquesa ou alemã, assim como de usarem
sua língua nos órgãos judiciais e administrativos e de serem ensinadas na língua materna, entre
outras conquistas. Sendo assim, as declarações são consideradas um modelo de como lidar com
as minorias nacionais e linguísticas na Europa.
The dispute over Schleswig-Holstein between the Danish Kingdom and the Prussian Kingdom has its beginnings in the 19th century, involving a series of sociocultural and legal issues, ranging from cultural history to the field of international law. With the end of the First World War, the situation of the states of Schleswig-Holstein is again raised by the international community. Plebiscites are organized, a new border created, and Schleswig largely returns to Danish rule. This situation was mediated by the Treaty of Versailles, which was characterized as a new milestone for international law in the period, reaffirming the defense of peace and life of minorities spread throughout Europe, as a result of the war. Only after the Second World War was the question of the cultural relations of minorities on both sides of the border raised again. The border between Denmark and Germany remained the same, but the claims of minorities were now mainly in the sphere of politics, education and cultural preservation. In this new agreement, both minorities gained the right to choose Danish or German nationality, as well as to use their language in judicial and administrative bodies and to be taught in their mother tongue, among other achievements. As such, the declarations are considered a model of how to deal with national and linguistic minorities in Europe.
The dispute over Schleswig-Holstein between the Danish Kingdom and the Prussian Kingdom has its beginnings in the 19th century, involving a series of sociocultural and legal issues, ranging from cultural history to the field of international law. With the end of the First World War, the situation of the states of Schleswig-Holstein is again raised by the international community. Plebiscites are organized, a new border created, and Schleswig largely returns to Danish rule. This situation was mediated by the Treaty of Versailles, which was characterized as a new milestone for international law in the period, reaffirming the defense of peace and life of minorities spread throughout Europe, as a result of the war. Only after the Second World War was the question of the cultural relations of minorities on both sides of the border raised again. The border between Denmark and Germany remained the same, but the claims of minorities were now mainly in the sphere of politics, education and cultural preservation. In this new agreement, both minorities gained the right to choose Danish or German nationality, as well as to use their language in judicial and administrative bodies and to be taught in their mother tongue, among other achievements. As such, the declarations are considered a model of how to deal with national and linguistic minorities in Europe.
Description
Keywords
Direito internacional Nacionalismo Minorias Schleswig-Holstein Dinamarca International law Denmark Nationalism Minorities
Citation
Trojaner, Carlos Augusto Rohr - O direito internacional e a criação do Império Alemão [Em linha]: análise do caso de Schleswing-Holstein. Lisboa: [s.n.], 2022. 148 p.