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Direitos humanos em Moçambique : estado e sistema de policiamento
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Abstract(s)
Esta pesquisa apresenta uma análise da evolução histórica e da situação atual dos direitos humanos em Moçambique, com ênfase no tratamento dos DH por parte da Polícia (PRM). O tema escolhido é relevante porque não existem, até hoje, trabalhos académicos que analisam a atuação da Polícia moçambicana em relação às violações por ela praticadas dos direitos humanos dos cidadãos. Em termos metodológicos, a pesquisa adotou uma abordagem puramente qualitativa, visando perceber quais são as razões do uso frequente da violência por parte da Polícia, quais os seus relacionamentos com o poder político e com o poder judiciário, acabando por apresentar uma tipologia de casos de violações dos direitos humanos por parte desta corporação, inspirada à dicotomia de Galtung “estrutura”-“ator”. A pesquisa trouxe, como seu resultado mais significativo, a consideração da violação dos direitos humanos por parte da polícia moçambicana como elemento estrutural da história e da política locais, a partir da análise da evolução constitucional e legislativa do país à luz dos direitos humanos, das etapas fundamentais da PRM e da sua atual organização, da formação que os agentes policiais têm na específica matéria dos direitos humanos. A pesquisa demonstrou que os membros da PRM conhecem os direitos humanos, e que eles geralmente atuam de forma contrária a tais princípios devido a ordens superiores ou, no geral, a questões “de sistema” ou estruturais, que ativam mecanismos de difusa impunidade, códigos do silêncio e de cumplicidade, que envolve os cidadãos, os próprios colegas e superiores dos agentes violadores e, em última instância, os juízes. Por isso a pesquisa demonstrou que, salvo raros casos, o desfecho processual é inexistente; pelo contrário, o desfecho processual pode ser por vezes diferente apenas em casos de atuação puramente individual do polícia violador, com condenações que chegam a ser exemplares.
The current research presents an analysis of the historical evolution and of the situation of human rights in Mozambique, emphasizing the treatment of human rights by the Police (PRM). The selected issue is relevant because there are not, up to date, scientific works which analyse the agency of Mozambican Police regarding the violations which it puts into practice against the human rights of Mozambican citizens. In methodological terms, the research adopted an approach purely qualitative, seeking to understand the reasons of the frequent use of violence by the Police, its relationships with political and legal power, ending for presenting a typology of the cases of its violations of human rights, having, as a main theoretical inspiration, the dichotomy of Galtung “structure”-“actor”. This research had, as its most meaningful result, the consideration of the violation of human rights by Mozambican police as a structural element of the local history and politics, starting from the analysis of the evolution of the constitutional and legislative changes in Mozambique under the light of human rights, the critical analysis of the pivotal phases of the life of PRM and its current organization, the training that the police agents have in relation to the specific issue of human rights. The research shows that the police agents know human rights, and that they generally act in opposition to these principles, due to higher orders or, in general, to “systematic” or “structural” reasons, which activate mechanisms of diffuse impunity, codes of silence and of complicity, which involves the citizens, the same colleagues and the hierarchical superiors of the violators agents and, lastly, the judges. So, the research shows that, with rare exceptions, the outcome of the prosecution is absent; on the contrary, the outcome of the prosecution can be sometimes different only in cases of a purely individual action by the violator police agent, with exemplary sentences.
The current research presents an analysis of the historical evolution and of the situation of human rights in Mozambique, emphasizing the treatment of human rights by the Police (PRM). The selected issue is relevant because there are not, up to date, scientific works which analyse the agency of Mozambican Police regarding the violations which it puts into practice against the human rights of Mozambican citizens. In methodological terms, the research adopted an approach purely qualitative, seeking to understand the reasons of the frequent use of violence by the Police, its relationships with political and legal power, ending for presenting a typology of the cases of its violations of human rights, having, as a main theoretical inspiration, the dichotomy of Galtung “structure”-“actor”. This research had, as its most meaningful result, the consideration of the violation of human rights by Mozambican police as a structural element of the local history and politics, starting from the analysis of the evolution of the constitutional and legislative changes in Mozambique under the light of human rights, the critical analysis of the pivotal phases of the life of PRM and its current organization, the training that the police agents have in relation to the specific issue of human rights. The research shows that the police agents know human rights, and that they generally act in opposition to these principles, due to higher orders or, in general, to “systematic” or “structural” reasons, which activate mechanisms of diffuse impunity, codes of silence and of complicity, which involves the citizens, the same colleagues and the hierarchical superiors of the violators agents and, lastly, the judges. So, the research shows that, with rare exceptions, the outcome of the prosecution is absent; on the contrary, the outcome of the prosecution can be sometimes different only in cases of a purely individual action by the violator police agent, with exemplary sentences.
Description
Keywords
Polícia da República de Moçambique Direitos humanos Culturas africanas Violação Moçambique Human rights Mozambique PRM Violations Typologies
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Nhaueleque, Laura - Direitos humanos em Moçambique [Em linha]: estado e sistema de policiamento. [S.l.]: [s.n.], 2019. 196 p.