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Retinal OCT-derived texture features as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and progression of Diabetic Retinopathy

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dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Sara
dc.contributor.authorGuimarães, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorCampos, Elisa Julião
dc.contributor.authorFernandes, Rosa
dc.contributor.authorMartins, João
dc.contributor.authorCastelo-Branco, Miguel
dc.contributor.authorSerranho, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorMatafome, Paulo
dc.contributor.authorBernardes, Rui
dc.contributor.authorAmbrósio, António Francisco
dc.date.accessioned2025-12-22T09:24:52Z
dc.date.available2025-12-22T09:24:52Z
dc.date.issued2025en_US
dc.date.updated2025-12-18T16:23:56Z
dc.description.abstractPURPOSE. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is usually diagnosed many years after diabetes onset. Indeed, an early diagnosis of DR remains a notable challenge, and, thus, developing novel approaches for earlier disease detection is of utmost importance. We aim to explore the potential of texture analysis of optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal images in detecting retinal changes in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic animals at “silent” disease stages when early retinal molecular and cellular changes that cannot be clinically detectable are already occurring. METHODS. Volume OCT scans and electroretinograms were acquired before and 1, 2, and 4 weeks after diabetes induction. Automated OCT image segmentation was performed, followed by retinal thickness and texture analysis. Blood-retinal barrier breakdown, glial reactivity, and neuroinflammation were also assessed. RESULTS. Type 1 diabetes induced significant early changes in several texture metrics. At week 4 of diabetes, autocorrelation, correlation, homogeneity, information measure of correlation II (IMCII), inverse difference moment normalized (IDN), inverse difference normalized (INN), and sum average texture metrics decreased in all retinal layers. Similar effects were observed for correlation, homogeneity, IMCII, IDN, and INN at week 2. Moreover, the values of those seven-texture metrics described above decreased throughout the disease progression. In diabetic animals, subtle retinal thinning and impaired retinal function were detected, as well as an increase in the number of Iba1-positive cells (microglia/macrophages) and a subtle decrease in the tight junction protein immunoreactivity, which did not induce any physiologically relevant effect on the blood-retinal barrier. CONCLUSIONS. The effects of diabetes on the retina can be spotted through retinal texture analysis in the early stages of the disease. Changes in retinal texture are concomitant with biological retinal changes, thus unlocking the potential of texture analysis for the early diagnosis of DR. However, this requires to be proven in clinical studies.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipSupported by Foundation for Science and Technology, Portugal: 2020.07432.BD, PEst UIDB/04539/Base/2020 and UIDP/04539/Programatico/2020, and PEst UIDB/04950/Base/2020 and UIDP/04950/Programatico/2020. This study was also supported by Sociedade Portuguesa de Diabetologia (SPD), Portugal: Bolsa Charneco da Costa - Investigação Fundamental em Diabetologia, Bolsas e Prémios SPD 2024.
dc.description.versionN/A
dc.identifier.doi10.1167/IOVS.66.1.7en_US
dc.identifier.issn1552-5783
dc.identifier.slugcv-prod-4627865
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/20558
dc.identifier.wos001405989400049
dc.language.isopor
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.relationCenter for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology
dc.relationCoimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectDiabetic Retinopathy (DR)
dc.subjectEarly biomarkers
dc.subjectOptical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
dc.subjectTexture analysis
dc.titleRetinal OCT-derived texture features as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and progression of Diabetic Retinopathyeng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleCenter for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology
oaire.awardTitleCoimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F04539%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F04950%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.titleInvestigate Ophthalmology & Visual Science
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameGuimarães
person.familyNameCastelo-Branco
person.familyNameSerranho
person.familyNameBernardes
person.givenNamePedro
person.givenNameMiguel
person.givenNamePedro
person.givenNameRui
person.identifier1587486
person.identifierM-4231-2013
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person.identifier.ciencia-idDB19-B18E-690C
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-9465-4413
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-4364-6373
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-2176-3923
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-6677-2754
person.identifier.scopus-author-id56647722300
person.identifier.scopus-author-id7004634386
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.cv.cienciaid031F-5D62-E6EC | PEDRO MIGUEL PICADO DE CARVALHO SERRANHO
rcaap.rightsopenAccessen_US
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