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Governança da política de saneamento, uma proposta de índices de sustentabilidade no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (ISSB-MS)
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Abstract(s)
Nesta tese, investiga-se a governança das políticas públicas de Saneamento Básico e o desenvolvimento de um índice de sustentabilidade, buscando contribuir com a avaliação da gestão integrada desses serviços públicos essenciais. Assim, esta tese versa sobre a “Governança da Política de Saneamento, uma Proposta de Índice de Sustentabilidade no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (ISSB – MS)”. A delimitação espacial abrange os municípios do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, no período de 2014, com a amplitude necessária para a análise. O referencial teórico inicial utilizado foi o Relatório de Brundtland, que forneceu as diretrizes do Desenvolvimento Sustentável, bem como as demais literaturas clássicas de sustentabilidade. Para a construção deste índice, tomou-se como base a avaliação institucional e da governança de Elinor Ostrom, por estarem envolvidas as questões da água, bem como as abordagens de avaliação do desenvolvimento, tais como Bellagio STAMP e princípios de Dublin, orientando a avaliação e monitoramento da gestão integrada da água. Assim, abordaram-se temas pertencentes ao campo da economia aplicada e dos direitos humanos internacional, sobretudo nas questões regulatórias que envolvem: (a) meio ambiente; (b) instituições; (c) políticas públicas de saneamento; (d) desenvolvimento de índices de sustentabilidade, monitoramento e avaliação da gestão integrada da água e (e) participação social. A metodologia utilizada foi o estudo de caso, envolvendo abordagens de análises qualitativa e quantitativa com métodos de cluster e econométricos. Na fase exploratória para a construção do índice, utilizou-se agrupamento de cluster e, após o método econométrico. As variáveis que compõem o índice são dados secundários obtidos a partir dos bancos oficiais de dados: Sistema Nacional de Saneamento Básico (SNIS) e Instituto Brasileiro de Estatística e Geografia (IBGE). Desse modo, o objetivo da pesquisa foi alcançado, com um índice relativo anual capaz de retratar o desempenho da prestação dos serviços de saneamento básico em três componentes: água e esgoto (AE), resíduos sólidos (RS) e socioeconômico (SE), contemplando dez indicadores e vinte quatro variáveis. O mérito da pesquisa justifica-se pela obtenção de um instrumento de avaliação, inovador e de fácil visualização, com predominância de variáveis ambientais e, que propicia interações de dados entre instituições reconhecidas. A estrutura de apresentação do ISSB-MS foi elaborada em mapas para ajudar nas interpretações e comparações dos resultados. Este índice permite avaliações e análises contextualizadas, que vão além do acompanhamento de cumprimento de metas, com comparações entre as localizações e tipo de prestação de serviços, e, assim, ajudando o desenvolvimento de hipóteses e medidas de melhorias na prestação e gestão desses serviços de SB. Desse modo, o resultado da pesquisa concretiza-se com o Índice de Sustentabilidade do Saneamento Básico em MS – ISSB/MS. Ressalta-se que a governança, a gestão e a regulação impactam diretamente o nível da prestação dos serviços de saneamento e, consequentemente, a qualidade de vida. Devido à complexidade das políticas socioambientais e inter-relações multi-institucionais, são demandadas equipes técnicas especializadas e instrumentalizadas para sua gestão, porém, não prescindem da participação social, condição sine qua non para a efetividade dos resultados das políticas de saneamento básico.
This thesis investigates the governance of public sanitation policies and the development of a sustainability index, seeking to contribute to the evaluation of the integrated management of these essential public services. Therefore, this thesis deals with the "Sanitation policy governance, a proposal for Sustainability Index in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul (ISSB – MS)”. The spatial delimitation includes the municipalities of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, in the period of 2014, with the range necessary for the analysis. The initial theoretical framework used was the Brundtland report, which provided the guidelines of sustainable development, as well as other classic literature on sustainability. The construction of this index is based on the institutional and governance evaluation of Elinor Ostrom, for being involved in water issues, as well as the assessment of development approaches, such as Bellagio STAMP and principles of Dublin, guiding the evaluation and monitoring of integrated management of water. Themes dealt with were those belonging to the field of applied economics and human rights, especially in international regulatory issues involving: (a) environment; (b) institutions; (c) public sanitation policies; (d) development of sustainability indexes, monitoring and evaluation of integrated management of water e (e) social participation. The methodology used was the case study, involving approaches to qualitative and quantitative analysis with cluster and econometric methods. In the exploratory phase of the construction of the index, and cluster group was applied, then the econometric method was used. The variables make up the index are secondary data obtained from official data banks: National Sanitation System (SNIS) and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Thus, the objective of the research was achieved, with an annual index able to portray the performance of the provision of basic sanitation services in three components: water and sewer (AE), solid wastes (RS) and socioeconomic (SE), contemplating ten indicators and twenty-four variables. The merit of the research is justified by obtaining a rating instrument, which is innovative and easy viewing, with predominance of environmental variables and, which provides data interactions between recognized institutions. The presentation structure of ISSB-MS was drawn on maps to help with the interpretations and comparisons of results. This index allows contextualized, assessments and analyses that go beyond the monitoring of compliance with goals, with comparisons between the locations and type of service provision, and thus helping the development of assumptions and measures of improvements in provision and management of these Basic Sanitation services. That way, the search result is with the index of sustainable Sanitation in MS – ISSB/MS. It should be noted that the governance, management and regulation impact directly affect the level of provision of sanitation services and, consequently, the quality of life. Due to the complexity of the environmental policies and multi-institutional interrelations, specialized and technical teams are demanded for management, however, social participation is not to be left out, as mandatory condition, for the effectiveness of the results of basic sanitation policies.
This thesis investigates the governance of public sanitation policies and the development of a sustainability index, seeking to contribute to the evaluation of the integrated management of these essential public services. Therefore, this thesis deals with the "Sanitation policy governance, a proposal for Sustainability Index in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul (ISSB – MS)”. The spatial delimitation includes the municipalities of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, in the period of 2014, with the range necessary for the analysis. The initial theoretical framework used was the Brundtland report, which provided the guidelines of sustainable development, as well as other classic literature on sustainability. The construction of this index is based on the institutional and governance evaluation of Elinor Ostrom, for being involved in water issues, as well as the assessment of development approaches, such as Bellagio STAMP and principles of Dublin, guiding the evaluation and monitoring of integrated management of water. Themes dealt with were those belonging to the field of applied economics and human rights, especially in international regulatory issues involving: (a) environment; (b) institutions; (c) public sanitation policies; (d) development of sustainability indexes, monitoring and evaluation of integrated management of water e (e) social participation. The methodology used was the case study, involving approaches to qualitative and quantitative analysis with cluster and econometric methods. In the exploratory phase of the construction of the index, and cluster group was applied, then the econometric method was used. The variables make up the index are secondary data obtained from official data banks: National Sanitation System (SNIS) and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Thus, the objective of the research was achieved, with an annual index able to portray the performance of the provision of basic sanitation services in three components: water and sewer (AE), solid wastes (RS) and socioeconomic (SE), contemplating ten indicators and twenty-four variables. The merit of the research is justified by obtaining a rating instrument, which is innovative and easy viewing, with predominance of environmental variables and, which provides data interactions between recognized institutions. The presentation structure of ISSB-MS was drawn on maps to help with the interpretations and comparisons of results. This index allows contextualized, assessments and analyses that go beyond the monitoring of compliance with goals, with comparisons between the locations and type of service provision, and thus helping the development of assumptions and measures of improvements in provision and management of these Basic Sanitation services. That way, the search result is with the index of sustainable Sanitation in MS – ISSB/MS. It should be noted that the governance, management and regulation impact directly affect the level of provision of sanitation services and, consequently, the quality of life. Due to the complexity of the environmental policies and multi-institutional interrelations, specialized and technical teams are demanded for management, however, social participation is not to be left out, as mandatory condition, for the effectiveness of the results of basic sanitation policies.
Description
Keywords
Saneamento básico Desenvolvimento sustentável Sustentabilidade Regulação Governo Política Índices 2014 Brasil Sustainable development Governance Regulation Basic sanitation Sustainability index
Citation
Godoy, Zaida - Governança da política de saneamento, uma proposta de índices de sustentabilidade no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (ISSB-MS) [Em linha]. Lisboa: [s.n.], 2018. 2 vols.