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Publication
Avaliação dos determinantes de consumo alimentar e identificação de padrões alimentares na cidade de Maputo, Moçambique
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Fruto da globalização, urbanização e melhoria dos transportes, a alimentação homogeneizou-se, tornando-se mais ocidental, potenciando transições alimentares, sobretudo em países africanos, com mudanças nos padrões alimentares. A par dos problemas já conhecidos e ainda prevalentes da subnutrição e deficiência de micronutrientes, Moçambique enfrenta novos desafios ligados ao excesso de peso, obesidade e outras doenças não transmissíveis. Este estudo visou avaliar os principais fatores que influenciam as decisões alimentares da população moçambicana residente na cidade de Maputo, maior centro urbano do país. Para isso, aplicou-se um questionário por entrevistas presenciais, com amostragem não aleatória, estruturada por zona, sexo e escalão etário, envolvendo indivíduos moçambicanos com 18 ou mais anos. O questionário incluiu o Food Choice Questionnaire, o Questionário de Frequência Alimentar e variáveis sociodemográficas. Dos 385 entrevistados, 214 apresentaram respostas válidas. A maioria era do sexo feminino (53,7%) e jovem (63,6% entre os 18 e 29 anos), com escolaridade secundária (50,9%) e inserida em agregados familiares numerosos (61,2% com cinco ou mais membros). Em termos de rendimento, 44,1% situavam-se entre 10.000,01 e 30.000,00 meticais. Os dados evidenciam valorização dos aspetos sensoriais, conveniência e bem-estar emocional nas escolhas alimentares, enquanto o controle de peso e preocupações éticas foram os menos considerados. A análise identificou quatro perfis: Grandes Consumidores, Tradicionais, Frugais e Light. Verificou-se frequência elevada no consumo de carne, lacticínios, fast food, sumos e refrigerantes, refletindo mudanças nos hábitos urbanos. Estas conclusões destacam a necessidade de políticas públicas que incentivem práticas alimentares mais equilibradas, adaptadas à diversidade da população de Maputo.
As a result of globalization, urbanization, and improvements in transportation, diets have become more homogenized and Westernized, driving dietary transitions, particularly in African countries, with significant changes in eating patterns. Alongside the well-known and still prevalent issues of undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, Mozambique now faces new challenges related to overweight, obesity, and other non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the main factors influencing food decisions among the Mozambican population residing in Maputo, the country's largest urban center. A questionnaire was administered through face-to-face interviews, using a non-random sampling method structured by zone, gender, and age group, involving Mozambican individuals aged 18 and over. The questionnaire included the Food Choice Questionnaire, the Food Frequency Questionnaire, and sociodemographic variables. Of the 385 individuals interviewed, 214 provided valid responses. The majority were female (53.7%) and young (63.6% aged between 18 and 29), with secondary education (50.9%) and living in large households (61.2% with five or more members). In terms of income, 44.1% fell within the range of 10,000.01 to 30,000.00 meticais. The data show a strong emphasis on sensory aspects, convenience, and emotional well-being in food choices, while weight control and ethical concerns were the least considered. The analysis identified four consumer profiles: Heavy Consumers, Traditional, Frugal, and Light. There was a high frequency of consumption of meat, dairy, fast food, juices, and soft drinks, reflecting changes in urban eating habits. These findings highlight the need for public policies that encourage more balanced eating practices, tailored to the diverse population of Maputo.
As a result of globalization, urbanization, and improvements in transportation, diets have become more homogenized and Westernized, driving dietary transitions, particularly in African countries, with significant changes in eating patterns. Alongside the well-known and still prevalent issues of undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, Mozambique now faces new challenges related to overweight, obesity, and other non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the main factors influencing food decisions among the Mozambican population residing in Maputo, the country's largest urban center. A questionnaire was administered through face-to-face interviews, using a non-random sampling method structured by zone, gender, and age group, involving Mozambican individuals aged 18 and over. The questionnaire included the Food Choice Questionnaire, the Food Frequency Questionnaire, and sociodemographic variables. Of the 385 individuals interviewed, 214 provided valid responses. The majority were female (53.7%) and young (63.6% aged between 18 and 29), with secondary education (50.9%) and living in large households (61.2% with five or more members). In terms of income, 44.1% fell within the range of 10,000.01 to 30,000.00 meticais. The data show a strong emphasis on sensory aspects, convenience, and emotional well-being in food choices, while weight control and ethical concerns were the least considered. The analysis identified four consumer profiles: Heavy Consumers, Traditional, Frugal, and Light. There was a high frequency of consumption of meat, dairy, fast food, juices, and soft drinks, reflecting changes in urban eating habits. These findings highlight the need for public policies that encourage more balanced eating practices, tailored to the diverse population of Maputo.
Description
Tese de Mestrado em Ciências do Consumo Alimentar, apresentada à Universidade Aberta
Keywords
Food Choice Questionnaire Frequência alimentar Consumo alimentar População moçambicana Maputo Moçambique Frequency of consumption Mood Mozambican population