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- Last interglacial Iberian Neandertals as fisher-hunter-gatherersPublication . Zilhão, J.; Angelucci, Diego E.; Igreja, Marina Araújo; Arnold, L. J.; Badal, E.; Callapez, Pedro M.; Cardoso, João Luís; d’Errico, F.; Daura, J.; Demuro, M.; Deschamps, M.; Dupont, C.; Gabriel, Sónia; Hoffmann, D. L.; Legoinha, P.; Matias, H.; Soares, António; Nabais, M.; Portela, P.; Queffelec, A.; Rodrigues, F.; Souto, P.Marine food–reliant subsistence systems such as those in the African Middle Stone Age (MSA) were not thought to exist in Europe until the much later Mesolithic. Whether this apparent lag reflects taphonomic biases or behavioral distinctions between archaic and modern humans remains much debated. Figueira Brava cave, in the Arrábida range (Portugal), provides an exceptionally well preserved record of Neandertal coastal resource exploitation on a comparable scale to the MSA and dated to ~86 to 106 thousand years ago. The breadth of the subsistence base—pine nuts, marine invertebrates, fish, marine birds and mammals, tortoises, waterfowl, and hoofed game—exceeds that of regional early Holocene sites. Fisher-hunter-gatherer economies are not the preserve of anatomically modern people; by the Last Interglacial, they were in place across the Old World in the appropriate settings.
- The Bom Santo Cave (Lisbon, Portugal): catchment, diet, and patterns of mobility of a middle neolithic populationPublication . Cardoso, João Luís; Carvalho, António Faustino; Cardoso, Francisca Alves; Gonçalves, David; Granja, Raquel; Dean, Rebecca M.; Gibaja Bao, Juan; Masucci, Maria A.; Arroyo-Pardo, Eduardo; Fernández-Domínguez, Eva; Petchey, Fiona; Price, T. Douglas; Mateus, José Eduardo; Queiroz, Paula Fernanda; Callapez, Pedro M.; Pimenta, Carlos; Regala, Frederico T.The study of the Bom Santo Cave (central Portugal), a Neolithic cemetery, indicates a complex social, palaeoeconomic, and population scenario. With isotope, aDNA, and provenance, analyses of raw materials coupled with stylistic variability of material culture items and palaeogeographical data, light is shed on the territory and social organization of a population dated to 3800–3400 cal BC, i.e. the Middle Neolithic. Results indicate an itinerant farming, segmentary society, where exogamic practices were the norm. Its lifeway may be that of the earliest megalithic builders of the region, but further research is needed to correctly evaluate the degree of this community’s participation in such a phenomenon.