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As políticas públicas de desenvolvimento sustentável : representações sociais da sociedade civil : o estudo de caso do Baixo Alentejo
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Os/as autores/as têm apontado que o Desenvolvimento Sustentável (DS) assume diferentes
interpretações consoante o posicionamento político e interesses dos atores, verificando-se
desalinhamentos e incoerências na conceção e operacionalização das estratégias do DS. No que
concerne à governança, as análises evidenciam descoincidências entre a retórica institucional
participativa dos documentos estratégicos e dos atores políticos e uma efetiva participação da
sociedade civil.
A relevância da investigação centra-se na identificação, compreensão e análise das
(in)correspondências entre os valores e princípios de sustentabilidade e as políticas de
desenvolvimento sustentável, mediante o confronto entre o discurso político e as estratégias e
práticas de sustentabilidade, na relação local-global, focando-se na participação dos atores-chave
da sociedade civil na operacionalização do desenvolvimento sustentável local.
Para o efeito, recorre-se à Teoria das Representações Sociais (TRS) pela pertinência que o modelo
teórico-metodológico assume na temática do DS. Estas abordagens orientam para um
posicionamento aberto à interrogação, à inovação e à criatividade de operacionalização prática,
principalmente se nos situarmos na lógica dos sujeitos, e não dos discursos institucionais. A TRS
coloca o foco na natureza dialógica da produção de conhecimento/prática baseada na
intersubjetividade, assumindo que pensamento/ação é socialmente construído. A aplicabilidade da
TRS à temática do DS processa-se por via da metodologia qualitativa do estudo de caso, pela
importância que este atribui aos processos, à compreensão e à interpretação dos fenómenos
sociais. Para tal, foram utilizadas diferentes técnicas de recolha de dados, tais como a análise de
conteúdo de documentos políticos estratégicos, a observação direta, a associação livre de ideias e
a entrevista semi-estruturada aplicada a autarcas de municípios e a dirigentes de associações de
desenvolvimento local, do Baixo Alentejo.
As principais conclusões deste estudo apontam para que a retórica dos documentos estratégicos
reproduz a linguagem e alinhamento relativamente à máxima do “crescimento inteligente,
sustentável e inclusivo”, em que a dimensão económica se sobrepõe à social e à ambiental, num
contexto local que continua a deparar-se com um conjunto de adversidades que obstaculizam a
sustentabilidade local. O estudo revela que o modelo de governança está consignado nos
documentos estratégicos, no entanto, são os atores políticos que selecionam que atores locais
podem participar. O discurso político reconhece a importância do envolvimento da sociedade civil
no desenvolvimento local, porem, expressa diferentes entendimentos sobre o tipo e modos de
participação, e resiste à intervenção na tomada de decisão. A aplicabilidade da TRS ao DS revelou
a importância do acesso à informação e o papel das interações sociais na produção de
entendimentos, atitudes e comportamentos relativos às Políticas Públicas de DS; e que os
GAL/DLBC, enquanto entidades gestoras dos FEEI, são reconhecidamente os que demonstram um
melhor conhecimento sobre as PPDS, sendo consensual o entendimento de as PPDS são
formatadas, descontextualizadas e constituem obstáculo à governança. De modo geral, as ADL têm
desempenhado um papel fundamental na sustentabilidade social das comunidades do Baixo
Alentejo.
Authors have pointed out that sustainable development (SD) takes on different interpretations according to the actors’ interests and polítical stance, which leads to incoherence and divergence in the conception and operationalization of SD strategies. As far as governance is concerned, analyses show divergence between the institutional participatory rhetoric of the strategic documents and of the polítical actors and the effective participation of civil society. The relevance of the present research study lies in the identification, understanding and analysis of the non-correspondence between values and principles of sustainability and sustainable development policies, through the confrontation of the polítical discourse and the strategies and practices of sustainability, in the local-global relation, focusing on the participation of the key actors in civil society in the operationalization of local sustainable development. To accomplish this, this study resorts to Social Representation Theory (SRT), given the relevance that this theoretical-methodological model has in the topic of sustainable development. These approaches point us to an open-minded positioning that allows interrogation, innovation and creativity of practical operationalization, especially if we locate ourselves in the logic of the subject and not of the institutional discourses. SRT focusses on the dialogic nature of knowledge production/ intersubjective practice, assuming that thought and action are socially constructed. The applicability of SRT to the topic of SD is carried out via the qualitative methodology of the case study, given the importance that it attributes to processes, to the understanding and interpretation of social phenomena. With that aim in view, several techniques of data collection were used, such as content analysis of strategic polítical documents, direct observation, free association of ideas, and semi-structured interview applied to mayors/local politicians and heads of local development associations in Baixo Alentejo (South Alentejo). The study’s main conclusions point towards the fact that the rhetoric of strategic documents reproduces the language and alignment of the motto “intelligent, sustainable and inclusive growth”, where the economic dimension overlaps the social and environmental ones, in a local context which continues to face a whole set of hardships which hinder localsustainability. The study shows that the governance model is laid out in the strategic documents; however, it’s the polítical actors who select the local actors that can participate. The polítical discourse acknowledges the importance of civil society involvement in local development but expresses different perspectives on the type and mode of participation and resists the intervention in decision-making processes. The applicability of SRT to SD has shown the importance of access to information and the role of social interactions in the production of common understandings, attitudes and positions towards public policies on SD; and that GAL (local action groups) /DLBC (local community development agencies), being the managing bodies of European structural funds, are clearly those with better knowledge of public policies on sustainable development, being consensual that these are formatted, decontextualized and constitute an obstacle to governance. In general, local development associations have played a crucial role in the socialsustainability of the Baixo Alentejo communities.
Authors have pointed out that sustainable development (SD) takes on different interpretations according to the actors’ interests and polítical stance, which leads to incoherence and divergence in the conception and operationalization of SD strategies. As far as governance is concerned, analyses show divergence between the institutional participatory rhetoric of the strategic documents and of the polítical actors and the effective participation of civil society. The relevance of the present research study lies in the identification, understanding and analysis of the non-correspondence between values and principles of sustainability and sustainable development policies, through the confrontation of the polítical discourse and the strategies and practices of sustainability, in the local-global relation, focusing on the participation of the key actors in civil society in the operationalization of local sustainable development. To accomplish this, this study resorts to Social Representation Theory (SRT), given the relevance that this theoretical-methodological model has in the topic of sustainable development. These approaches point us to an open-minded positioning that allows interrogation, innovation and creativity of practical operationalization, especially if we locate ourselves in the logic of the subject and not of the institutional discourses. SRT focusses on the dialogic nature of knowledge production/ intersubjective practice, assuming that thought and action are socially constructed. The applicability of SRT to the topic of SD is carried out via the qualitative methodology of the case study, given the importance that it attributes to processes, to the understanding and interpretation of social phenomena. With that aim in view, several techniques of data collection were used, such as content analysis of strategic polítical documents, direct observation, free association of ideas, and semi-structured interview applied to mayors/local politicians and heads of local development associations in Baixo Alentejo (South Alentejo). The study’s main conclusions point towards the fact that the rhetoric of strategic documents reproduces the language and alignment of the motto “intelligent, sustainable and inclusive growth”, where the economic dimension overlaps the social and environmental ones, in a local context which continues to face a whole set of hardships which hinder localsustainability. The study shows that the governance model is laid out in the strategic documents; however, it’s the polítical actors who select the local actors that can participate. The polítical discourse acknowledges the importance of civil society involvement in local development but expresses different perspectives on the type and mode of participation and resists the intervention in decision-making processes. The applicability of SRT to SD has shown the importance of access to information and the role of social interactions in the production of common understandings, attitudes and positions towards public policies on SD; and that GAL (local action groups) /DLBC (local community development agencies), being the managing bodies of European structural funds, are clearly those with better knowledge of public policies on sustainable development, being consensual that these are formatted, decontextualized and constitute an obstacle to governance. In general, local development associations have played a crucial role in the socialsustainability of the Baixo Alentejo communities.
Description
Keywords
Política pública Desenvolvimento sustentável Representações sociais Sociedade civil Baixo Alentejo Sustainable development Civil society Governance Social representation Participation
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Faria, Maria Inês de Campos de Sousa - As políticas públicas de desenvolvimento sustentável Em linha] : representações sociais da sociedade civil : o estudo de caso do Baixo Alentejo. [S.l.]: [s.n.], 2018. 2 vols.