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Métodos de produção e sustentabilidade sócio-ambiental do setor hortícola da região Oeste
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Abstract(s)
A região Oeste de Portugal (Torres Vedras/Lourinhã/Peniche) assume-se nesta data como um dos grandes produtores de hortícolas do país e aquela onde a ocupação neste setor tem evoluído ao longo dos tempos nesta produção, quer em culturas ao ar livre, quer em culturas de cobertura, designadas por estufas.
A intensificação e a especialização neste tipo de agricultura coberta criam problemas de índole ambiental, havendo quem considere esta atividade nos dias presentes como aquela que causa bastantes danos ao ambiente.
Essa degradação ambiental resulta do aumento da produção hortícola, de uma redução de custos e de uma incessante procura de eficiência de modo a serem competitivos nos mercados, mas que por sua vez traduz-se em efeitos adversos no meio ambiental, tais como: poluição dos solos e águas por fertilizantes e fitofarmacêuticos, diminuição da biodiversidade existente e muita da paisagem natural.
Juntando a estes fatores por si só já bastante negativos, haveremos ainda que contar com a grande produção de resíduos de plásticos de coberturas de estufas e solos, tubos de rega, suportes de plantas, embalagens e outros, caso não sejam tomadas medidas para a sua recolha e reciclagem.
Para colmatar toda esta situação é necessária uma agricultura de equilíbrio, com métodos de produção eficientes, capaz de conservar o solo e a água, de manter a biodiversidade e os ecossistemas, respeitando o ambiente e em simultâneo dar resposta às necessidades alimentares da população.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar e descrever os impactos ambientais mais relevantes do setor das hortícolas na região Oeste e propor políticas e estratégias para reduzir os fatores que podem colocar em causa esta atividade a médio/longo prazo, caso não seja criada a sustentabilidade ambiental, cultural, social e económica, face à crescente procura e competitividade dos mercados.
The western region of Portugal (Torres Vedras / Lourinhã / Peniche) is nowadays one of the country's great horticultural producers and one where the occupation in this sector has evolved over time in this production, whether in open-air crops, or in cover crops, called greenhouses. Intensification and specialization in this type of covered agriculture create environmental problems, with people considering this activity in the present day as one that causes a lot of damage to the environment. This environmental degradation results from the increase in horticultural production, a reduction of costs and an incessant demand for efficiency in order to be competitive in the markets, but which in turn translates into adverse effects on the environment, such as: pollution of soils and water by fertilizers and phytopharmaceuticals, decrease of existing biodiversity and much of the natural landscape. Adding to these already negative factors, we will still have to rely on the large production of plastic waste from greenhouse and soil coverings, irrigation pipes, plant supports, packaging and others, if no measures are taken for their collection and recycling. In order to overcome this situation, balanced agriculture with efficient production methods, capable of conserving soil and water, maintaining biodiversity and ecosystems, while respecting the environment and at the same time meeting the food needs of the population, is necessary. This work aims to analyse and describe the most relevant environmental impacts of the horticultural sector in the Western region and to propose policies and strategies to reduce the factors that may jeopardize this activity in the medium / long term if environmental sustainability is not created, cultural, social and economic, given the growing demand and competitiveness of markets.
The western region of Portugal (Torres Vedras / Lourinhã / Peniche) is nowadays one of the country's great horticultural producers and one where the occupation in this sector has evolved over time in this production, whether in open-air crops, or in cover crops, called greenhouses. Intensification and specialization in this type of covered agriculture create environmental problems, with people considering this activity in the present day as one that causes a lot of damage to the environment. This environmental degradation results from the increase in horticultural production, a reduction of costs and an incessant demand for efficiency in order to be competitive in the markets, but which in turn translates into adverse effects on the environment, such as: pollution of soils and water by fertilizers and phytopharmaceuticals, decrease of existing biodiversity and much of the natural landscape. Adding to these already negative factors, we will still have to rely on the large production of plastic waste from greenhouse and soil coverings, irrigation pipes, plant supports, packaging and others, if no measures are taken for their collection and recycling. In order to overcome this situation, balanced agriculture with efficient production methods, capable of conserving soil and water, maintaining biodiversity and ecosystems, while respecting the environment and at the same time meeting the food needs of the population, is necessary. This work aims to analyse and describe the most relevant environmental impacts of the horticultural sector in the Western region and to propose policies and strategies to reduce the factors that may jeopardize this activity in the medium / long term if environmental sustainability is not created, cultural, social and economic, given the growing demand and competitiveness of markets.
Description
Keywords
Produto hortícola Sustentabilidade Problemas ambientais Competitividade Mercados Estratégias Região Oeste Horticultural production Sustainability Good agricultural practices Perceptions Citizenship and participation
Citation
Miranda, Mário Manuel Jesus - Métodos de produção e sustentabilidade sócio-ambiental do setor hortícola da região Oeste [Em linha]. [S.l.]: [s.n.], 2018. 93 p.