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Roteiro de sustentabilidade para o ordenamento do território periurbano a norte de Maputo, Moçambique
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Abstract(s)
A proporção da população urbana mundial aproxima-se dos 60%.
A urbanização tem impacto desproporcional nas alterações globais. A periurbanização
informal acompanha inevitavelmente a urbanização. Nas regiões de urbanização tardia
de África e Ásia, o principal motor é o êxodo rural, predominando assentamentos onde
ocorrem práticas locais de ordenamento não oficial. Não se esperam mudanças radicais nessa dinâmica. A pesquisa visou desenvolver um roteiro de sustentabilidade para ordenamento territorial em assentamentos periurbanos informais remotos de tipo difuso. Um estudo de caso multi-métodos focou em assentamentos a Norte de Maputo, suportado por revisão de literatura, entrevistas a peritos, estudo de práticas rurais afins, discussões em grupos focais com um total de n=40 participantes com equilíbrio de género e questionário de satisfação a residentes. Desenvolveu-se interativamente um quadro conceitual baseado num conjunto pequeno de variáveis associadas à coesão territorial e social. A pesquisa indicou que as práticas locais mantêm a coesão social, mas não tratam de questões elementares típicas de zonas urbanas como mobilidade, saneamento e promoção da densificação. Obteve-se uma
avaliação genérica da sustentabilidade e identificaram-se intervenções prioritárias. Ao nível local, priorizou-se o reforço da capacidade de colaboração entre instituições e, ao nível regional, a interconexão com centros urbanos e rurais. Os resultados confirmam teorias existentes. O quadro conceptual é orientado a estudos de caso apresentando, assim, a limitação de não generalização. A ferramenta flexível de baixo custo torna promissora a réplica e os assentamentos informais geralmente subalternizados pelo viés urbano ganham mais oportunidade de participar na governação da sustentabilidade da (peri)urbanização.
The proportion of the world’s population living in urban areas is close to 60%. Urbanization has a disproportionate impact on global change. Informal periurbanization inevitably accompanies urbanization. In the late urbanizing regions of Africa and Asia, the main driver of peri-urbanization is rural migration, with settlements where local practices of informal land use planning are prevalent. No radical changes are expected in this dynamic. The research aimed to develop a roadmap for sustainable land use planning in outer peri-urban informal settlements of diffuse type. A multi-method case study focused on settlements North of Maputo, supported by a literature review, expert interviews, study of related rural practices, focus group discussions with a total of n=40 gender-balanced participants, and a resident satisfaction survey. A conceptual framework was developed iteratively based on a small set of territorial and social cohesion related variables. The research indicated that local practices maintain social cohesion, but do not address basic issues typical of urban areas such as mobility, sanitation and promotion of densification. A generic sustainability assessment was possible, and priority interventions were identified. At the local level, priority was given to strengthening the capacity for collaboration between institutions and, at the regional level, the interconnectedness with urban and rural centers. The results confirm existing theories. The conceptual framework is case-study oriented, thus presenting the limitation of not being generalizable. The flexible and low-cost tool makes replication promising and informal settlements, usually subalternized by the urban bias, gain one more opportunity to participate in the governance of sustainability of (peri)urbanization.
The proportion of the world’s population living in urban areas is close to 60%. Urbanization has a disproportionate impact on global change. Informal periurbanization inevitably accompanies urbanization. In the late urbanizing regions of Africa and Asia, the main driver of peri-urbanization is rural migration, with settlements where local practices of informal land use planning are prevalent. No radical changes are expected in this dynamic. The research aimed to develop a roadmap for sustainable land use planning in outer peri-urban informal settlements of diffuse type. A multi-method case study focused on settlements North of Maputo, supported by a literature review, expert interviews, study of related rural practices, focus group discussions with a total of n=40 gender-balanced participants, and a resident satisfaction survey. A conceptual framework was developed iteratively based on a small set of territorial and social cohesion related variables. The research indicated that local practices maintain social cohesion, but do not address basic issues typical of urban areas such as mobility, sanitation and promotion of densification. A generic sustainability assessment was possible, and priority interventions were identified. At the local level, priority was given to strengthening the capacity for collaboration between institutions and, at the regional level, the interconnectedness with urban and rural centers. The results confirm existing theories. The conceptual framework is case-study oriented, thus presenting the limitation of not being generalizable. The flexible and low-cost tool makes replication promising and informal settlements, usually subalternized by the urban bias, gain one more opportunity to participate in the governance of sustainability of (peri)urbanization.
Description
Tese de Doutoramento em Sustentabilidade Social e Desenvolvimento
Keywords
Periurbano Assentamento informal Sustentabilidade Ordenamento do território Coesão territorial Maputo peri-urban Informal settlement Sustainability Spatial planning Territorial cohesion