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Dificuldades no campo do consumo alimentar dos portadores de diabetes Mellitus assistidos no Hospital Provincial de Pembal, Cabo Delgado - Moçambique: estudo de caso
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Abstract(s)
A diabetes mellitus (DM) é um distúrbio metabólico em que o corpo se torna resistente ao efeito da insulina ou não produz a quantidade suficiente dessa hormona para processar a glicose. Como consequência, há uma acumulação de glicose no organismo, o que pode levar a sérias complicações de saúde. De acordo com estudos recentes o número de pessoas com diabetes em todo o mundo aumentou muito sendo que em 2019 se registavam 463 milhões portadoras de DM. A diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DMII) é uma doença crónica que se caracteriza por múltiplas complicações. Nos últimos anos a DMII tem-se tornado um problema de saúde pública a nível Mundial. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as dificuldades que os portadores de diabetes enfrentam na composição do seu padrão alimentar. Tendo sido realizada uma pesquisa de campo, de carácter descritivo, transversal, de abordagem qualitativa e exploratória. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma Unidade de Saúde de referência do Norte da província de Cabo Delgado na cidade de Pemba . Foi utilizado como instrumento de coleta de dados um formulário semi-estruturado, com perguntas sobre os hábitos alimentares dos pacientes, a sua relação com os alimentos após a descoberta da doença, controle da sua dieta alimentar, bem como os impactos negativos na vida do paciente. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa SPSS -Statistical Package for the Social Science e MS Excel avançado, tendo sido analisados dados dos 28 pacientes e 9 profsissonais.
No presente estudo participaram 28 pacientes sendo 15 do sexo masculino e 13 do sexo feminino. Verificou-se que a maior parte dos pacientes estavam empregados, dos quais 17,9% tinham acesso fácil à alimentação, 42,9% não tinham acesso fácil à alimentação e 39,3% viviam na incerteza de acesso à alimentação. Verificou-se que os portadores de diabetes mellitus que participaram neste estudo enfrentam muitas dificuldades para a obtenção da sua alimentação, factor que contribui para o agravamento do estado de saúde. Notou-se, também, que os participantes enfrentam várias dificuldades na aquisição de medicação nas farmácias privadas devido a questões financeiras e também devido à falta dos medicamentos no hospital e sendo que Estimativas da International Diabetes Federation (2006) mostram uma prevalência de diabetes em Moçambique em 2003 de 3,1% com um aumento projetado para 3,6% em 2025.
Esses fatores justificam o desenvolvimento de estudos não só para detectar, mas também para organizar o processo de intervenção educativa e terapêutica nos diversos estágios desta doença e suas complicações.
No entanto, muitos estudos e programas de saúde falham por não levarem em conta os aspectos alimentares, psicológicos, culturais, e sociais, aspectos interpessoais e ainda as reais necessidades psicológicas da pessoa diabética.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder in which the body becomes resistant to the effect of insulin or does not produce enough of this hormone to process glucose. As a result, there is an accumulation of glucose in the body, which can lead to serious health complications. According to recent studies, the number of people with diabetes around the world has increased significantly, with 463 million people suffering from DM in 2019.Diabetes Mellitus type II (DMII) is a chronic disease that is characterized by multiple complications. In recent years DMII has become a public health problem worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the difficulties that people with diabetes face in the composition of their dietary pattern. This research has been carried out as a descriptive, transversal character, with a qualitative and exploratory approach. The research was carried out in a Health Unit of reference in the north of the province of Cabo Delgado in Pemba city. The semi-structured form was used as a data collection instrument, with questions about the patients' eating habits, their relationship with food after the discovery of the disease, control of their diet, as well as the negative effects on the patient's life. Data were analyzed using the SPSS -Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program and advanced MS Excel, with detailed data from 28 patients and 9 health professionals. The study It concluded that the largest number of patients were male, with 53.6% peoples and 46.4% women, with the majority of patients employed, which 17.9% had easy access to food, 42.9% do not have easy access to food, 39.3% have access with difficulty. In recent years, diabetes mellitus (DM) has been considered one of the most worrying public health problems due to the high number of people affected, the disabilities and premature mortality it causes, as well as the costs involved in controlling and treating its complications, as shown in this study, it was evident that patients face many difficulties to obtaining daily food, a factor that contributes to the worsening of their health status. It was also noted that patients face several difficulties in purchasing medicines from private pharmacies due to financial issues, but also the lack of medicines in the hospital, and estimates from the International Diabetes Federation (2006) show a Mozambique prevalence of diabetes in 2003 of 3.1% with a projected increase to 3.6% in 2025. These factors justify the development of studies not only to detect, but also to organize educational and therapeutic intervention in the various processes of this disease and its complications.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder in which the body becomes resistant to the effect of insulin or does not produce enough of this hormone to process glucose. As a result, there is an accumulation of glucose in the body, which can lead to serious health complications. According to recent studies, the number of people with diabetes around the world has increased significantly, with 463 million people suffering from DM in 2019.Diabetes Mellitus type II (DMII) is a chronic disease that is characterized by multiple complications. In recent years DMII has become a public health problem worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the difficulties that people with diabetes face in the composition of their dietary pattern. This research has been carried out as a descriptive, transversal character, with a qualitative and exploratory approach. The research was carried out in a Health Unit of reference in the north of the province of Cabo Delgado in Pemba city. The semi-structured form was used as a data collection instrument, with questions about the patients' eating habits, their relationship with food after the discovery of the disease, control of their diet, as well as the negative effects on the patient's life. Data were analyzed using the SPSS -Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program and advanced MS Excel, with detailed data from 28 patients and 9 health professionals. The study It concluded that the largest number of patients were male, with 53.6% peoples and 46.4% women, with the majority of patients employed, which 17.9% had easy access to food, 42.9% do not have easy access to food, 39.3% have access with difficulty. In recent years, diabetes mellitus (DM) has been considered one of the most worrying public health problems due to the high number of people affected, the disabilities and premature mortality it causes, as well as the costs involved in controlling and treating its complications, as shown in this study, it was evident that patients face many difficulties to obtaining daily food, a factor that contributes to the worsening of their health status. It was also noted that patients face several difficulties in purchasing medicines from private pharmacies due to financial issues, but also the lack of medicines in the hospital, and estimates from the International Diabetes Federation (2006) show a Mozambique prevalence of diabetes in 2003 of 3.1% with a projected increase to 3.6% in 2025. These factors justify the development of studies not only to detect, but also to organize educational and therapeutic intervention in the various processes of this disease and its complications.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências do Consumo Alimentar, apresentada à Universidade Aberta
Keywords
Diabetes Portadores Complicações Saúde Qualidade de vida Moçambique Commitment Health Quality of life